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THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY

EDITED BY

T. EB. PAGE, yar: p. &. CAPPS, pH.p., LL.D. W. H. D. ROUSE, uirt.p.

ARISTOPHANES

I

jC APMAS Ti t4 ize dae

te) apes tre te yie AE fe

a,

AISTOPHANES

WITH THE ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF BENJAMIN BICKLEY ROGERS

M.A., D.LITT., BARRISTER-AT-LAW SOMETIME FELLOW OF WADHAM COLLEGE, OXFORD

IN THREE VOLUMES I

THE ACHARNIANS THE KNIGHTS THE CLOUDS THE WASPS

LONDON : WILLIAM HEINEMANN LTD

NEW YORK: G. P. PUTNAM’S SONS MOMXXX

First Printed 1924 Reprinted 1926, 1930

Printed in Great Britain

PREFACE

By the assistance of Messrs. G. Bell & Sons the Editors are enabled to include in the Library the famous version of Aristophanes made by Dr. Rogers. His complete edition with its full Introductions, Notes, and Appendices, will remain indispensable to large libraries and scholars, but it is hoped that the present edition will make his work more access- ible to the general reader.

Introductions and explanatory notes have been added by the Editors. These for the most part contain only information which can readily be found elsewhere, but in cases where it seemed wise to give - Dr. Rogers’ exact view of a passage, short extracts from his notes are given in his own words.

CONTENTS OF

GeNERAL INTRODUCTION .

Tue AcHARNIANS—

Introduction Text and Translation

Tue Knicuts— Introduction Text and Translation Tue CLoups— Introduction Text and Translation Tue Wasrps— Introduction .

Text and Translation

WR a gece St

VOLUME I

PAGE

vii

GENERAL INTRODUCTION

AnrisToPHaNEs is an elusive poet. The main religious convictions of Aeschylus may be determined with certainty from his extant plays; attentive study of the dramas of Euripides reveals his cardinal opinions on politics, society and religion, and his philosophic attitude ; but who can affirm with confidence that he has penetrated the comic mask of Aristophanes and knows his beliefs? The poet’s mocking irony baffles and perplexes his reader at almost every turn. Evvnxad’ & Neyer ;-—wa Tov ’AwddArAwW "yd per ob,

One element of the poet’s irony is his apparent frankness. He has at-times the air of desiring to be taken seriously and seems to be expressing honest convictions. He is very suggestive and provokes reflection, but the attempt to reduce his opinions to system reveals the illusion. We become uneasily conscious that the great satirist is laughing behind his mask.

A proof of this deceptive quality of the poet’s humour is found in the diversity of the opinions that have been held as to his purpose in writing. It was once the fashion among modern interpreters to take him very seriously,—the comic poet disappeared in the reformer. He was eulogized as a moralist and patriot, whose lofty purpose was to instruct his fellow-countrymen ; as an earnest thinker, who had

ix

GENERAL INTRODUCTION

reflected deeply on the problems of society and government and had made Comedy simply the vehicle of his reforming ideas; as a wise and dis- cerning counsellor, who was competent to advise the citizens of Athens at a critical time on political questions and whose judgement of men and measures was sound; as a stern man withal, resolute in the performance of duty, the implacable and victorious foe of all, wherever found, who undermined the glory of Athens. This view, which Grote combated (History of Greece, \xvii), finds vigorous expression in the Apology of Robert Browning :

Next, whom thrash ?

Only the coarse fool and the clownish knave ? No! strike malpractice that affects the State, The common weal—intriguer or porns Venality, corruption, what care ‘ If shrewd or witless merely ?—so the thin Lay sap to aught that made Athenai bright And happy, change her customs, lead astray Youth or age, play the demagogue at Pnux, The sophist in Pa aistra, or—what’s worst, As widest mischief,—from the Theatre Preach innovation, bring contempt on oaths, Adorn licentiousness, despise the Cult. . .

But my soul bade “ Fight ! Prove arms efficient on real heads and hearts 1” ee I wield the Comic weapon rather—hate ! Hate! honest, earnest and directest hate— Warfare wherein I close with enemy. ... Such was my purpose : it succeeds, I say ! Have we not beaten Kallicratidas, Not humbled Sparté? Peace awaits our word. Since my previsions,—warranted too well By the long war now waged and worn to end— Had spared such heritage of misery, My after-counsels scarce need fear repulse. Athenai, taught prosperity has wings, Cages the glad recapture.

GENERAL INTRODUCTION

Thus vaunts the poet, as Browning interprets him, just after the great victory won at Arginusae. “ Sparta is at our feet, a new day dawns, the War is at an end. For Athens has at length learnt the bitter lesson she might have been spared had she yielded to my pleas for peace.” The actual history of the next twelve months is pathetic. The battle at Arginusae, in which Callicratidas fell, restored the maritime supremacy of Athens, but peace was not secured. The Spartans made overtures, but the Athenian people, paying small heed to the “ good counsels ”’ that their Poet had given them in the Acharnians, the Peace, the Lysistrata, and in other comedies no longer extant, followed the lead of drunken Cleophon and rejected the Spartan pro- posals, just as five years before they had committed the grave error of accepting his advice after the Athenian victory at Cyzicus. Sparta _bestirred herself, Lysander was sent out, and within a year Athenian arms suffered irretrievable reverse at Aegospotami.

The poet’s counsels of peace were rejected. Peace came only with disaster. His “sage” solutions of many other burning questions were equally in- effective. If Aristophanes was working for reform, as a long line of learned interpreters of the poet have maintained, the result was lamentably dis- appointing’: he succeeded in effecting not a single change. He wings the shafts of his incomparable wit at all the popular leaders of the day—Cleon, Hyperbolus, Peisander, Cleophon, Agyrrhius, in succession, and is reluctant to unstring his bow even when they are dead. But he drove no one of them from power; there is little evidence, indeed, that

xi

GENERAL INTRODUCTION

he damaged their influence or even disturbed their brazen self-confidence. Cleon, when the poet’s libellous personal abuse became even in his judgement indecent, promptly brought him to his knees. “When Cleon pressed me hard and tanned my hide, and outsiders laughed to see the sport, I confess ”’— Aristophanes says in the Wasps—* I played the ape a bit.” He adds significantly that he failed to get popular support in this quarrel. The inference is that the people did not think badly of Cleon; but modern opinion of the popular leaders in Athens, formed on the evidence that Aristophanes is supposed ~ to furnish, has been persistently unfayourable, and Cleon’s rehabilitation as a sagacious, if turbulent, statesman who consistently maintained the imperial policy of Pericles has been slow.

The poet vehemently protested, it has been said, against the New Education, and viewing the whole intellectual tendency of his time with alarm, pleaded for a restoration of the simple discipline that had moulded the morals and minds and manners of the hardy men who fought at Marathon. Furthermore, © he clearly apprehended the evils inherent in the Athenian system of judicature, which committed the administration of justice to a horde of common men, ignorant of the law, swayed by the impulse of the moment, “ monsters of caprice and injustice,” and ruthlessly exposed the unrighteousness of its pro- ceedings. Finally, reverent of the best traditions of the stage, he stood forth, it is alleged, as their tho) compromising defender, and sternly resisted the?) innovations that were gradually changing the spirit | and the form of tragedy during the last third of the~ century, and for a generation relentlessly pursued

xii

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PY) PS J

x

——

GENERAL INTRODUCTION

their chief exponent, concealing an attack that was meant to ruin him under the veil of caricature, parody, burlesque, and satire. But Socrates still frequented, winter and summer, the gymnasia, the market and the schools, and the Sophists continued to discourse and draw their pay; Philocleon, after a single experience of the pleasures of polite society, again forgathered with his cronies before the dawn of day and trudged away to Court; and Euripides, calmly disregarding the malicious strictures of his youthful critic, continued to write tragedy in his own manner and to present on the stage plays that were heard by the young men of Athens with wild acclaim.

This extreme conception of the funetion of Greek comedy as chiefly censorial and monitory has been modified with larger and more exact knowledge of the times in which the poet lived and of the conditions of life under which he wrote, but it has had unfortunate consequences. These plays have been regarded as a trustworthy source of information in establishing the facts of Greek history, biography, and institu- tions. So serious an interpretation of a form of literature of which the primary intention must always be entertainment and amusement inevitably obscured the poet’s elusive humour. A jest became a state- ment of fact, a caricature a portrait, a satire a docu- ment. The poet’s conception, clothed in a fantastical disguise that rivalled the grotesque dress of his own actors, has been essentially misapprehended in an entire play.

On the other hand the mistaken disposition, recently manifested, to regard Aristophanes simply as a jester and to deny that he had any other purpose than to provoke laughter is an extreme, though

xiii

GENERAL INTRODUCTION

natural, reaction. This view denies at the same time, as might have been expected, the cathartic efficacy of Greek tragedy. The highest comedy, typed in the earlier plays of Aristophanes, and in some of the comedies of Moliére, is regenerative. | The purpose of Aristophanes in the Acharnians, in / which the action turns upon the impossible and / fantastic whimsy of an Athenian farmer securing ' fpeace with Sparta for himself and his family alone, \. lis to ridicule the war-party. Nobody would have been more amused than the poet if he had been told that his play was to stop the fighting, but he did believe that the War was an evil, and so far his heart was honestly in his theme; and I have no doubt that many a man who had laughed uproari- ously at the peace-loving farmer set single-handed in the comedy against a quarrelsome chorus, a powerful general, the whole tribe of sycophants, and the demagogue Cleon in the background, went home from the play less content with the-course_of his , ‘ political leaders and longing in his heart for the good — old days of peace. The instrument by which the — poet probed the popular discontent was that most effective of all means when skilfully used—a laugh. To regard Aristophanes as merely a jester is to” mistake the man. Ridicule of contemporary persons, ~ that is generally good-natured, or systems or pre- vailing ideas is his main purpose, I think, in his plays. His praise is for the dead. This ridicule, © which ranges from satire to airy conceit, is made — humorous by centering it in a far-fetched fantastic — conception that is not the less available if it is ~ impossible. Facts are exaggerated or invented with — superb nonchalance and bewildering semblance of —

xiv

GENERAL INTRODUCTION

vsality. In these mad revels of unrestrained fancy | is difficult to lay hands upon Aristophanes the man. _ ‘Mevertheless we do discover probable indications of

\is attachments and beliefs. He lived in an age of ‘atellectual unrest when many vital questions pressed ‘or solution. ‘That a man of his intelligence did not sive them consideration and reach conclusions is mpossible. No doubt he detested a debauchee— et Ariphrades bear witness,—but he must have sympathized with the revolt of the young men of his day against the severe and meagre discipline in which youth were trained during the first half of the century, and must have shared in their eager interest _ in the new subjects of knowledge. No doubt he deprecated the vicious use of the skill for which _ Strepsiades clamours in the Clouds, but he had too keen a mind to fail to distinguish between the right and the wrong use of this power or to reject all study of the art of persuasion because it might be abused. He was himself a skilful dialectician, as the Debates found in nearly all his comedies. prove. He was acquainted with Socrates and must have known that he never misused his wonderful dialectical power, and must have felt an expert’s special thrill of | pleasure in observing with what skill he employed it. Furthermore, the times in which the poet lived were troublous ; the fate of Athens again and again stood on the razor’s edge. He was not indifferent to the welfare of his country nor of his fellow-countrymen. There is a serious undertone in the Acharnians that gives it an indescribable elevation, and in the Lysis- trata, a Rabelaisian play written after the disaster to Athenian arms in Sicily, in which, Thucydides records, fleet and army utterly perished, and of the

xV

GENERAL INTRODUCTION

many who went forth few returned home, there are verses of intensest pathos that betray the poet’s poignant sympathy : ‘

ovx éorw avip év TH xwpa; pa AU od Sir’, eld’ Erepdbs tis.

Aristophanes, then, was a man of quick sympathies and settled convictions, although positive expression ‘of belief and feeling is naturally rare in his plays, since he was a writer of comedy. Despite this reticence, it is both interesting and important to determine, so far as this may be done, his opinions on the questions that in his day were pressing for answer, and among these especially his political position. Was he an aristocrat? Was he, in par- ticular, as M. Couat believed, a pamphleteer in the pay of the aristocrats? Or was he a democrat? And if a democrat, how is the satirical—but extremely comical—characterization of Athenian Demus in the Knights, which his countrymen viewed with good- natured amusement, to be interpreted? To these weighty and significant questions the reader may find an answer by studying the plays for himself.

JOHN WILLIAMS WHITE.

[This Introduction is reprinted from Dr. Loeb’s translation of Aristophanes and the Political Parties at Athens by Maurice Croiset. It was originally arranged that the trans- lation of Aristophanes for the Loeb Classical Library should be made by Professor John Williams White of Hapvaset University, but as he died before his work was completed it was thought that the printing of the above as an Introduction to the volumes which were to have been his work would be a fitting tribute to the memory of one who, while he was alive, took the deepest interest in the welfare of the Library.]

xvi

THE ACHARNIANS

VOL. I ; B

INTRODUCTION

The Acharnians was produced at the Lenaean Dionysia i in February 425 B.c., and like the Banqueters in 427 and the Babylonians in 426, it was in the name of Callistratus that it was brought out. The prize was awarded to Aristophanes; Cratinus with his Storm-Tossed (Xeipa(duevor) was second, and Eupolis with his New Moons (Novpyviac) last. It is the oldest Greek comedy which has survived.

The general idea of the play is so simple that it needs no special Introduction. ‘An honest | citizen, finding it impossible to get the State to | conclude a peace with Sparta, makes a private | peace on his own account; and thenceforward is represented as living in all the joys and comforts of Peace, whilst the rest of the City continues to suffer the straits and the miseries of War. But this simple plot is worked out and illustrated with = abundance of laughable and picturesque incidents.” Indeed Mr. Rogers considers that ‘if only one of his Comedies had survived to our day, I think that this is the one which would have given us the most comprehensive idea of the range of Aristophanic satire,” and he adds: “If it has not the concen- | trated power of his later plays, yet no other Comedy exhibits the same variety of incident. With the

* Rogers, Introduction, p. xxvi.

3

ARISTOPHANES

prodigality of youth, the poet runs through the whole gamut of his likes and dislikes; his longing for Panhellenic unity, as in the great days of Marathon and Salamis; his efforts for right and justice, 75 <b kat 7d Séxacov, in Athenian public life ; and again the special objects of his aversion, as contravening these aims— the demagogues, the Informers, the war-party, the sophists, the lowering of the old heroic tragedy by.Euripides— are all brought before us in turn; the germs of almost all his later efforts are discoverable in this early production.” ¢

The Chorus consists of old men from Acharnae, a town which had especially suffered from the invasion of Archidamus, and which was celebrated for the « manly and soldier-like qualities’ of its inhabitants who “at the commencement of the Peloponnesian War furnished a contingent of no less than 3000 hoplites’’ (cf. 1. 180 and note).

* Introduction, p. xxvi,

TA TOY APAMATOS IIPOSQTIA

ATKATOMNOATS KHPTZ

AM#I9OEOz ITIPEZBEIZ WVETAAPTABAS OEQPOS

XOPOZ AXAPNEQN IYNH Acxacordrdos OTTATHP Accacordddos KH®IZ0G0ON depdrwy Etpurliov ETPITLIAHS AAMAXOX METAPEYTZ

KOPA A kal B Ovyarépe rod Meyapéws ZTKOPANTHS BOINTOZ

NIKAPXOZ

SBEPATON Aapdyou TEQPTOZ ITAPANTM#0E ATTHAOI

AXAPNEIS

AIKAIONIOAIS. “Ooad1) d€dnypar Ti ewavrob Kapoiav, 4 \ /, / \ / é HoOnv d5é Boa: mavu Sé Baa: rérTrapa* a& 8 ddvv7AOynv, pappoxoo.wydpyapa. ' Ps / > 7 + / dep iow, ti 8 yobnv akiov xarpyddovos; eyad’ ef @& ye To Kéap eddpavOny idwv, 5 a / / / > /, tots mévte TaAdvTous ofs KAéwv e&ijpecerv. af? 4 > / \ ~ \ ¢ / Tal” ws éyavwOnv, Kat PiA@ tovs imméas dua Tobro Totpyov: d&vov yap “EAAdée. > > > / a Ss / GAN wduvyjOnv Eerepov ad tpaywod.Kor, ore 51) *kexHvn mpocdoKav tov AicyvAov, 49 6 8’ dveimev “‘ cicay’, & Odoyv, Tov xopdv.” m&s totr écewwé pov, Soxeis, THY Kapdiav; > + Vers Lid et ints | /, \ adr’ Erepov jobnv, jvix’ émi Mooxw more AcEéifeos eioiAP’? aodpevos Bowwdtvov. ~ > > / \ / > 4 thtes 8 anéavov kat duveotpddyy iddv, 45 ore 57) Trapexvise Xaipis emt tov dpbiov. > > > 4 > 2¢é Ld > \ cs aan’ odderdmor e& dTov *yw pimTopat ovtws &d7xOnv bo Kovias Tas odpts

* In the background are three houses : the central one that of Dicaeopolis, the other two those of Euripides and Lamachus. In the foreground is a rough representation of the Pnyx ~ where D. is awaiting the opening of the Assembly.

> Received as a bribe from certain of the allies to get their tribute-assessment lowered. The Knights compelled him to disgorge.

6

THE ACHARNIANS

DICAEOPOLIS.* What heaps of things have bitten me

to the heart !

A small few pleased me, very few, just four ;

But those that vexed were sand - dune- hundredfold.

Let’s see: what pleased me, worth my gladfulness ?

I know a thing it cheered my heart to see ;

"Twas those five talents’ vomited up by Cleon.

At that I brightened ; and I love the Knights

For that performance ; ’twas of price to Hellas,

Then I'd a tragic sorrow, when I looked

With open mouth for Aeschylus, and lo,

The Crier called, Bring on your play, Theognis.°

Judge what an icy shock that gave my heart !

Next ; pleased I was when Moschus left, and in

Dexitheus came with his Boeotian song.4

But oh this year I nearly cracked my neck,

When in slipped Chaeris for the Orthian Nome.

But never yet since first I washed my face

Was I so bitten—in my brows with soap,?

¢ A very: dull, frigid poet, ef. T. 170 and note.

4 One of the famous lyrical nomes of Terpander; the Orthian was another; a spirit-stirring strain as of soldiers marching to victory. Chaeris was a Theban piper, who used to slink in to feasts uninvited.

* brd xov. r. 6, unexpectedly for bm’ édvvns Tiv Kapdiay or the like. T

ARISTOPHANES

e ~ € ey! v7 / > , ds viv, dmdr’ ovons Kupias exKAnaias a ¢ \ éwbwijs Epnos 4 md adryi: of 8 év ayopa Aadotar, Kdvw Kai KdTw A U TO cxowiov pevyovor TO pemiATwmpevor 29> ¢ / Ld > > > / od8 of mpuTdvers yKovow, add’ awptay HKoVTES, Eira 8 woTLodvTaL ms SoKeis eAOdvres GAAjAoLoL mrepl mpdrov EvAov, ‘GOpdou Katappéovres: elpyivn 8 omws ” m~ > ) / > / / Zora. mpoTrysao’ ovdev w@ mods, TALS. .éy@ 8 dei mpdtiotos eis exxAnotav | voorav Kdibnwar Kar” emedav @ povos, oTévw, Kéxnva, okopdwOpar, Tépdopat, dmop®, ypadw, mapatidropat, Aoyilopar, 4 {Te \ daoBrérawv és Tov aypdv, elpyvns <pav, oruyav pev dorv, Tov 8 euov Shpov moldy, ds otderumor’ elev, avOpaxas mpiw, > a” b ” 39> ” / ovK df0s, odK EAaov, od WOEu Tp, > > 2. a A "a > / > ~ GAN’ adbros éhepe mdvTAa XW TpLOV amp. vov ody arexvds yKw TapecKkevacpevos Body, soxpovew, AowWopeiv Tods pyTopas, 27 »” \ \ > td / édv tis GAAo wAjv wept cipyvyns AéEyp. GAN of mpuTdvets yap odrou peonuBpwot. ov Hydpevov; Todr exeiv” obyd “Aeyov" els Tiv mpocdplav mas avip @orilerar. KHPYz. mdapit eis TO mpdaber, / > ¢ a“ > \ Ss ~ / mdpil’, ws dv evros Are Tod Kabdpparos. AM@I@EOS. 707 Tis el7e; / > 4, , KHP. tis ayopevew BovAerar; AM. ey.

* A rope dripping with ruddle, used to sweep in loiterers from the Agora,

8 Wee ye

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THE ACHARNIANS, 19-46

As now, when here’s the fixed Assembly Day, And morning come, and no one in the Pnyx. They’re in the Agora chattering, up and down Scurrying to dodge the vermeil-tinctured cord.4 Why even the Prytanes are not here! They'll come ; Long after time, elbowing each other, jostling For the front bench, streaming down all together You can’t think how. But as for making Peace They do not care one jot. O City! City! But I am always first of all to come, ‘ And here I take my seat; then, all alone, — I pass the time complaining, yawning, stretching, I fidget, write, twitch hairs out, do my sums, Gaze fondly country-wards, longing for Peace, Loathing the town, sick for my village-home, Which never cried, Come, buy my charcoal, or My vinegar, my oil, my anything ;° But freely gave us all; no buy-word there. So here I’m waiting, thoroughly prepared To riot, wrangle, interrupt the speakers Whene’er they speak of anything but Peace. —But here they come, our noon-day Prytanes !_/ Aye, there they go! I told you how ’twould be3 Every one jostling for the foremost place. CRIER. Move forward all, Move up, within the consecrated line. AMPHITHEUsS.° Speaking begun ? cR. Who will address the meeting ? am. I,

» These are all city cries. In 1. 36 the pun in mplwy (lit. “saw” or “ sawyer”) is obscure: it may mean “ that grating rasping word.”

* Entering in a violent hurry.

ARISTOPHANES

KHP. Tis WV;

AM. "Audideos.

KHP. ovKk avOpwros ;

AM. ov, dN’ abdvaros. 6 yap "Audibeos Anunrpos 7 Hv Kat Tpumrodepov- tovtov d€ KeAeds ylyverau yapet dé Kedcos Pawaperyy TH Onv cpa, e€ is Auxivos eyever €k TOUTOU 8 ey 50 abdvares eiu’* ewoi 8° érrérpeav of Deol orrovdas trovetaban pos Aakedaysovious Love. adr’ abdvaros wv, dvdpes, efdde’ odK exw od yap diddacw of mpuTavets.

KHP. ot roێdTat.

aM. ® Tpimrodcue Kai Kered, mepidieobe we; 55

Al. @vdpes mpuTdvers, adiKeire THY exKAnoiav Tov avop amdyovres, doris Hiv “Oed€ oTrovoas Toujoa Kal Kpeudoas Tas aomidas.

KHP. Kd0no0 otya.

Al. pa tov ’AmdAAw *yd pev ov, nv pr) Tept elpyvns ye mpuTavevontre pot. 60

KHP. oi mpéoPes of mapa Baoréws. / / ” > \ , Al. troiov Baoiléws; axPoua "yo mpéoBeor Kal Tots ta@ot Tois T dAalovedpaow. KHP. olya. Al. BaBadé, dxBdrava, Tod oxjparos. > / > ¢ lon € /, \ / MPESBrS. eréeupal” yuds ws Baoida tov péyav, 65 pucbov dépovras dvo dSpaxyas THs Hépas em” Edvdupévous dpxovtos*

: Scythian archers were the regular police at Athens. A. is ejected as not being an Athenian citizen when he begins to talk of “* peace ” and complain of the magistrates.

10

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THE ACHARNIANS, 46-67

Who are you? Amphitheus. Not a man?

No, an immortal. For the first Amphitheus Was of Demeter and Triptolemus The son: his son was Celeus ; Celeus married Phaenarete, who bare my sire Lycinus. Hence I’m immortal ; and the gods committed To me alone the making peace with Sparta. But, though immortal, I’ve no journey-money; The Prytanes won't provide it.

Archers,* there ! O help me, Celeus ! help, Triptolemus ! Ye wrong the Assembly, Prytanes, ye do

wrong it, Haling away a man who only wants To give us Peace, and hanging up of shields. St! Take your seat. By Apollo, no, not I,

Unless ye prytanize about the Peace.

O yes! The Ambassadors from the Great King ! ® What King! I’m sick to death of embassies, And all their peacocks and their impositions. Keep silence ! Hey!!! Ecbatana, here’s a show.

AMBASSADOR. Ye sent us, envoys to the Great King’s

Court, Receiving each two drachmas daily, when Euthymenes was Archon.

> Enter, clad in gorgeous oriental apparel, the envoys sent to the Persian court eleven years previously in the archonship of Euthymenes 437-6 8.c.

11

ARISTOPHANES

Al. oto Ta&v Spaxypav. mp. Kal O47’ erpvydpeba Sua TOV Kaitiorptav mediwv ddoiTAavobyrTes eoxnvnpevot, éf” dppaywatdv padOakds Kkaraxeievor, 70 amoAAvpevor. Al. opodpa yap eowlouny eyo Tapa THhv emarEw ev popuT@ KATOKELMEVOS ; up. €evilduevou d€ mpos Biav ézivomev

> ¢ , > / \ / e€ tadivwv éexTwpatwy Kal ypuvcidwr aKpatov olvov 7dvv.

Al. ® Kpavad rors, 75 > > / A / ~ / dp atobdaver TOV kardyehov TOV mpéoBewv ; TIP. 8 BdpBapor yap avdpas yyotvrat povous Tovs mActora Suvaprévous karapayety Kal qui. Al. 7yeis 5€ Aatkaords Te Kal KaTramvyovas. ” / > > \ / > ” mp. ere. terdptw 8° és ta Bacire HArAGopev: 80 > > > > / A \ / GAN’ cis amdmarov wyeTo, oTpatiav AaBayv, Kaxelev oxTm ptvas emt ypvodv dpdav. Al. mdéoov dé Tov mpwKTov xpovou Evviyyayev; IP. TH mavocAjyvw: Kar amnddev oixade. > 7s / > ¢ bd elr’ e€évile* mrapetiber 8 iv ddovs 85 €x KpiBdvov Bods. Al. kal tis elde mamoTe Bots xpiBaviras; tav aAalovevparwr. \ \ \ >» / , mp. Kat vat pa Ac’ dprw rpimAdovv KAewvdpov / c a ” > > an / mapeOnkev Hiv: dvoua 8 hv adtt@ hevak. ak et. a i / , / \ / Al. Tatr’ dp’ edevaniles ot, S00 Spaxpyas Pépwv. 90

@ He calls the Acropolis by this special title (kpavass= “ rugged ”’) because it suggests a contrast with the luxury of these envoys.

» For these mythical hills ¢f. Plaut. Stich. i. 1.26“ Persarum | Montes, qui esse Aurei perhibentur.” els daéz., “to the

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DI.

THE ACHARNIANS, 67-90

O me, the drachmas ! And weary work we found it, sauntering on, Supinely stretched in our luxurious litters With awnings o’er us, through Cajystrian plains. ’Twas a bad time. Aye, the good time was mine, Stretched in the litter on the ramparts here ! And oft they féted us, and we perforce Out of their gold and crystal cups must drink The pure sweet wine. O Cranaan? city, mark you The insolent airs of these ambassadors ? For only those are there accounted MEN Who drink the hardest, and who eat the most. As here the most debauched and dissolute. In the fourth year we reached the Great King’s Court. But he, with all his troops, had gone to sit An eight-months’ session on the Golden Hills >! Pray,at what time did he conclude his session? At the full moon ; and so came home again. Then he too féted us, and set before us Whole pot-baked oxen— And who ever heard Of pot-baked oxen? Out upon your lies ! And an enormous bird, three times the size Of our Cleonymus ¢: its name was—Gull. That’s why you gulled us out of all those drachmas !

latrines,” is substituted rapa rpocdoxtay for eis 7bdeuov or the

like.

¢ See Index: he was very fat and a rascal; in ¢évat there is a play on poté.

13

ARISTOPHANES

AM. Kal viv ayovres yKowev VevdapraBar, Tov Baoirdws ddbaduor. Al. exndrpere ye KO pag mardéas Tov ye aov Tov mpéoBews. KHP. 6 Raikes opbadpos. Al. dvak ‘HpdxaAes: ™pos Tov bedv, dvopwre, vavppaKTov Brérrets 5 395 7 Tmept dicpav Kedparr ey VEWGOLKOV oxomeis ; doKeop,’ exets qWou Tepl Tov 6pbahyov KATO ; mp. aye 57) av, PBaorleds atta o° amémepibev pacov A€Eovr’ "AGyvaiovow, @ FevdaprdBa. Steer iaavey laprapav eEape’ dvamicodvat odtpa. 100 . Evvjcal? 6 Aéyers Al. pa tov ’Amdddw ” yo peev ov. mp. méurbew Baorréa gno bpiv Xpvotov. Aye 57) od petlov Kat oadpdis TO xpvaiov. VEY. ov Aji. xpico, XavvdrpwKr’ "laovad. Al. aac Kakodainwr, ws cadds. TIP. Ti dat Adyer; 105 Al. 6 Tt3 Xavvompwxrous Tovs *Idovas Aéyer, et mpoodoKdar xpvoiov éK Tov BapBapwr. mp. ovK, dN’ axdvas d0¢ ye Xpvotov Aéyet. Al. 7olas dxavas ; od pev dralav ef péyas. adn’ diarB« eya) dé Bacand ToOrov peovos. 110 dye 57) od dpdoov eyol cadds, mpds Tovrovi,

¢* A fellow who will give you false measure,” dprd8n being a Persian measure.

>» The Scholiast says: @&e.o. reparwons tis yedolws éoxeva- opévos, Kal dpbadpyov exwv tva él mavrds rod mpoowrov.

¢ Because an eye was.commonly painted on each side of a ship’s bow.

# This jumble is generally supposed to mean J have just begun to repair what is rotten.

14

THE ACHARNIANS, 91-111

ams. And now we bring you Pseudo-Artabas ¢ The Great King’s Eye.’ DI. O how I wish some raven Would come and strike out yours, the Ambassador’s. crieR. O yes! the Great King’s Eye ! DI. O Heracles ! By Heaven, my man, you wear a war-ship look ¢! What! Do you round the point, and spy the docks ? Is that an oar-pad underneath your eye ? AmB. Now tell the Athenians, Pseudo-Artabas, What the Great King commissioned you to say. Serndeiirahs. Ijisti boutti furbiss upde rotti.4 AMB. Do you understand ? DI. By Apollo, no not I. aMB. He says the King is going to send you gold. (To Pseudo.) Be more distinct and clear about the gold. PsEuD. No getti goldi, nincompoop Iawny. DI. Wow, but that’s clear enough ! AMB, What does he say ? pi. He says the Ionians must be nincompoops If they’re expecting any gold from Persia. AMB. No, no: he spoke of golden income-coupons.é DI. What income-coupons? You're a great big liar ! You, get away ; I'll test the man myself. (To Pseudo.) Now look at this (showing his fist): and answer Yes, or No!

¢ dyxdvy is apparently a large provision-basket. 15

KHP.

Al.

AM. Al.

ARISTOPHANES

iva py oe Baixo Bappo Lapdvavexdv*

Bactreds 6 péyas hyuiv aoméuiber ypvotov; (dvavevet.)

ddAws ap’ eEaratwpel’ bro THv mpécBewv; (émwevet. )

‘EAAnvixov y’? emévevoay avdpes odtou, 115 KovK €o8” émws ovk cioly evbevd’ abrobev. Kal Toi pev edvoUxow TOV ETEpoV TOUTOVL eyed 6s €oTt, KAcrob evs 6 LPBupriov. @ BeppoBovrov TpwKTov eupnpeve, ToLovoe , ® miOnke, Tov more” exwv 120 edvodxos jpiy, 7)AGes EoKEvAGHEVOS ; 60l O€ Tis moT e€oTiv; ov SyHmov Urpatwr. oiya, Kable. tov Baotrdws db0adpov 7 Bovdr Kade? els TO mpuTavetov.

tadra Sir odK ayxovn; 125 Kamer’ éyw dAr evOadi orparevomat, tovs d€ Eevilew ovdémoT’ love y’ 7 Bupa. GAN’ epydoouat tu Sewov Epyov Kal péya. adr’. *Apudibeds or rod ’otw;

ovTool mapa.

€uot od Tavtact AaBdy dxrd dSpaxpyas 130 omovoas moinoa mpos Aakedaysoviovs movm Kal Totou matdiovo. Kal TH mAdTiOL* duets 5€ mpecBeveobe Kal KexnveTe.

@ j,e. red, the colour of blood ; cf. P. 1174.

» The two eunuchs in attendance on Pseudo-Artabas.

* See Index. D. hurls against the effeminate youth two lines parodied, the first from Euripides, tpwxroy being sub- stituted for mpiiryos or the like, the second from Archilochus, who for rdv muywr’ has rhy ruyjv.

@ Another beardless effeminate.

16

THE ACHARNIANS, 112-133

Or else I'll dye you with a Sardian dye.* Does the Great King intend to send us gold ? (Pseudo-Artabas nods dissent.) Then are our envoys here bamboozling us ? (He nods assent.) These fellows ® nod in pure Hellenic style ; I do believe they come from hereabouts. Aye, to be sure; why, one of these two eunuchs Is Cleisthenes,° Sibyrtius’s son ! O thou young shaver of the hot-souled rump, With such a beard, thou monkey, dost thou come Tricked out amongst us in a eunuch’s guise ? And who’s this other chap? Not Straton,@ surely ? crieR. St! Take your seat! O yes! The Council ask the Great King’s Eye to dinner At the Town Hall.¢ DI. Now is not that a throttler ? Here must I drudge at soldiering; while these rogues, The Town-Hall door is never closed to them. Now then, I’ll do a great and startling deed. Amphitheus! Where’s Amphitheus ? AM. Here am I, pi. Here be eight drachmas; take them; and with all The Lacedaemonians make a private peace For me, my wife and children : none besides. (To the Prytanes and citizens) Stick to your embassies and befoolings, you. ¢ State guests, and other persons worthy of honour, were entertained in the Town Hall daily. VOL, I c 17

eo

ARISTOPHANES

KHP. mpocitw Odwpos 6 mapa LerdAxous. @ENPOR. 60t. Al. Erepos ddalev obros eloxnpuUrrerar. : @EQ. Xpovov pev ovK dy Lev ev Opdicn modwr, Al. pea. Ai’ ovK av, €t i proov ye pn “pepes trodvy. @EQ. €f fa) Karévupe xuove THY Opgeny ody, Kal i rods moTapovs ene’ bm’ adrov Tov xpovov or evOadi O<oyns jyywvilero, Tobrov pera LurdAKous emwov Tov xpdvor* Kal dijra haha Vv drreppvds, bpav 7 epaoris Fv didn On) Wore Kal ev Toto Tolxous eypad’, *AGvaton Kadoi. é 8 vids, dv * APnpatay. emeroujpcda, Tipe gaye d\Advras e€ "Arraroupioy, Kal TOV matép nvTipore Bonbety Th maTpa* 6 5° a@poce orévdav BonOjcew, Exwv otpatiav Tooattyy wor "A@nvaious épeiv, Ooov TO Xpha tapvoTwmv mpocepxeTat. Al. KaKLoT’ amoAoiuny, et Te ToUTwY TrEiopat dv elas evravbot ov, rAjv Tay TapvoTwr. @EQ. Kal viv Omep paxywrarov Opaxav ebvos Erepiev dpiv. Al. Tobro pevt” yon oadés. KHP. of Opes ite Sedp’, os O€wpos yyayev. * \ / \ / Al. TouTl Ti €oTL TO KaKOV; @EQ. ’Odopdvrwy orparés.

* King of the Odrysians in Thrace. Theorus had gone on an embassy to them. PY: So frigid a poet that he was nicknamed Xujv ; cf. 113

170.

¢ In the first year of the war Athens entered into alliance with Sitalees and made his son Zdéoxos a citizen (Thue. ii.

18

CRIER.

THE ACHARNIANS, 134-156

O yes! Theorus from Sitalces 7!

THEORUS. Here !

DI. THE.

DI. THE,

DI.

THE.

DI. CRIER.

DI. THE.

O here’s another humbug introduced. We should not, sirs, have tarried long in Thrace— But for the salary you kept on drawing. But for the storms, which covered Thrace with snow And froze the rivers. "Iwas about the season At which Theognis ® was performing here. I all that time was drinking with Sitalces ; A most prodigious Athens-lover he, Yea such a true admirer, he would scribble On every wall My beautiful Athenians ! His son,° our newly-made Athenian, longed To taste his Apaturian sausages, And bade his father help his fatherland. And he, with deep libations, vowed to help us With such an host that every one would say Heavens ! what a swarm of locusts comes this may ! Hang me, if I believe a single word Of all that speech, except about the locusts.4 And here he sends you the most warlike tribe Of all in Thrace. Come, here’s proof positive. The Thracians whom Theorus brought, come forward ! What the plague’s this ? The Odomantian host.¢

27). The Apaturia was a family or clan festival, to which only those enrolled in a phratry (¢parpia) could be admitted. 4 DP. fears that they will eat up their allies no less than their foes. ¢ A Thracian tribe on the Strymon.

19

Al. @EQ.

Al.

@EQ.

Al.

KHP.

Al.

AM.

Al. AM,

ARISTOPHANES

/ > / > , ‘ / rotwv “OdSouavrav; eimé prov, TouTt Ti Hv; tis tOv ’Odopdvrwy Td méos aroreOpiaxev;

4, Suv. 4, \ ‘ ~ rovtous edv Tis Svo Spaxpyas pcbov 5188,

, A / a KatameArdoovrar tiv Bowwtiav Any. 160 \ 4 \ a > tA Toigdl dvo Spaxpas Tots azrepwAnpevots ; dmoarévor pevtav 6 Opavirys Acws, ¢ / ” / > / 6 awaimors. olor TaAas, amddAvpat, ¢ \ ~ > 4 \ / 4 imo TOv’ Odoudvrwv 74, oxdpoda Topfovpevos. od KaraBadcire Ta oKdpod ; & pwoxOnpe at, 165

od pi) Mpdcer TOUTOLOW eoKopodLOpEVoLs ; ravti mepieideO” of mpuTdvers maCXOVTA [LE > ~ / \ ay? ¢ 3 3 ~ / ev TH maTpidu Kal Tab0’ dar” avdpOv PapBapww ; GAN’ arrayopevw pr) movetv exKAnotav rois Opagi wepi prcbod: Aéyw S dpiv ore 170 Swoonuia *ori Kat pavis BéBAnké je. tovs Opaxas damévat, mapeivar 8 eis Evyy. of yap mpurdvers Avovat THY eKKAnaiav.

olor TéAas, puTTwTOV Goov amuwdA€oa. GAN’ éx AaxedSaipovos yap ’“Apdibeos odi. 175 xaip’, “Apdibee. pnw, mpw dv ye oT@ Tpéxwv"

Set yap pe devyovr’ exduyetv “Axapveas. vi 8 €orw;

> A A is ee A ,

eyd) wev Sedpd cor arovddas Pépwv ” ¢ > ” ~ / €omevdov: of 8’ wodpovto mpeaBirat Twes

@ The little round ré\rn (targe) was distinctly Thracian.

> The ordinary pay of a rower was one drachma a day. The @pavira who sat on the highest bench and worked the longest oars would be picked men.

¢ Like cocks which were supposed to fight better when primed with garlic; cf. K. 494.

20

DI, THE,

DI.

THE.

DI.

CRIER.

DI.

AM.

DI. AM.

THE ACHARNIANS, 157-179

The Odomantians, pho! Hallo, look here. Are Odomantians all equipped like this ? Give them two drachmas each a day, and these Will targeteer * Boeotia all to bits. Two drachmas ® for THESE scarecrows! Oh, our tars, Our noble tars, the safeguard of our state, Well may they groan at this. O! Murder! O! These Odomantian thieves have sacked my garlic. Put down the garlic! drop it! You rapscallion, How dare you touch them, when they’re , arlic-primed.¢ O will you let them, Prytanes, use me thus, Barbarians too, in this my fatherland ? But stop! I warn you not to hold the Assembly About the Thracians’ pay. I tell you there’s A portent 4 come ; I felt a drop of rain ! The Thracians are to go, and two days hence Come here again. The Assembly is dissolved.

O me, the salad I have lost this day ! ¢ But here’s Amphitheus, back from Lace- daemon. Well met, Amphitheus ! Not till I’ve done running. I needs must flee the Acharnians, clean away. What mean you ? I was bringing back in haste The treaties, when some veterans smelt them out,

@ Lit. “ A sign from Zeus.” ¢ The loss of the garlic had ruined it.

2]

AI. AM.

Al. AM. Al.

AM. Al.

AM.

Al.

ARISTOPHANES

2 / \ A v *Ayapvikol, oTimTot yépovtes, mpivwot, 180

> / / /, arepapoves, Mapabwvopdxar, opevddpvwor. émewt’ aveKpayov mavres, ““® wwapwrare, amovoas hépers, TOV apuTreAleov TET NLEVOD ; ”” Kas Tovs TpiBwvas Evvedéyovto THv AiBwr: ey 8 edevyov: of 8 ediwKkov KaBdwv. 185 ¢ > EY 7 > A \ A ‘4 of 8 obv Bowytwv: adda Tas orrovdas Pépets ; éywye dnp, Tpla ye TavTi yedpara. abdra. pev elou Tevtereis. yedoar AaPdyv. aiBot. mn. 4 Ti €oTW; > > / / > iJ odK apéokovaiv pL’, OTL olovot mitrns Kal TapacKevts ve@v. 190 \ A \ A /, ~ 7 od 8 adda raadi Tas dexérers yedoor AaBaw. dlovar xadrar mpéoBewv és Tas moAeus d€vrarov, Womep SiatpiBns Tov Evpypaxov. GAN’ adrat omovdal tpiaxovrovTwes Kata yhv te Kat Oddarrav. ® Avoviova, 195 Ou A + > > , ‘ / adrar ev olovo’ apBpocias Kat véKxTapos, Kal pq) *muTnpety Ler’ yuepav Tprdv, an a> Kav T@ oTopatt Aéyovat, Baty’ omp OéAes. > ravras Séyopar Kat omévdouar KaKmlopat, / / AA \ \ 7A /, a xaipew KeAcdwv modda tovs “Axapveas 200 a \ eyw 5é moAcuou Kal Kax@v amadAayets déw Ta Kat’ aypods eiovwy Avoviora.

@ Acharnae is a short distance to the S. of Mt. Parnes, and its inhabitants mainly occupied themselyes with the manufacture of charcoal from its forests of evergreen oak (mpivos), maple (c¢évdauvos), and other trees. Archidamus in his first invasion of Attica (431 B.c.) made it his head- quarters when ravaging the district ; ¢f. Thue. ii. 19-23,

22

DI. AM.

DI. AM. DI.

AM. DI.

AM.

DI.

THE ACHARNIANS, 180-202

Acharnians, men of Marathon, hard in grain As their own oak and maple,’ rough and tough; And all at once they eried, O villain, dare you Bring treaties when our vineyards are cut down ? Then in their lappets up they gathered stones ; I fled away: they followed roaring after. Solet them roar. But have you got the treaties? O yes, Ihave. Three samples ; here they are. These are the five-year treaties; take and taste? them. Pheugh ! What’s the matter ?

I don’t like the things, They smell of tar and naval preparations. Then taste the ten-year samples ; here they are. These smell of embassies to all the states, Urgent, as if the Allies are hanging back. Then here are treaties both by land and sea For thirty years.

O Feast of Dionysus !

These have a smell of nectar and ambrosia, And never mind about the three days’ rations,° And in your mouth they say, Go where you please. These do I welcome, these I pour, and drain, Nor care a hang about your old Acharnians. But I, released from War and War’s alarms, Will hold, within, the Rural Dionysia.4

» As if they were samples of wine for orovdai=not only “a treaty,” but also “libations of wine”; hence the reference to the ‘“ smell of pitch ” in 190 and “ of vinegar ”

193.

OT. bs S12, 4 Otherwise known as 74 puxpd as opposed to 7a wéyaay ra év dore, and celebrated all over Attica in December.

23

ARISTOPHANES AM. eyw dé devéotpuai ye tods “Ayapveas.

~ lol ” / . \ ‘ ” XOPOX. THOe mds Emov, Siwke, Kal Tov avdpa

muvOavov

TOV odoimdpwv amdvrwy: TH mdA€u yap a&vov 205

EvAAafeiv Tov avdpa Todrov. aAAd wow pnvd- oare,

” y @ / ~ ¢ A A el tis 010° Omou TéTpaTrTaL is 6 Tas omoVdAs

pépwv.

> / > ” A ” / ~

exrregevy’, olxeTat Ppoddos. olpsortddAas TOv erav TOV eua@v* [orp. 210

> a“ a. 8. 2am / L ee Gok \ Vd

ovk av én” euhs ye vedtntos, 67 eya dépwv avOpdkwv dopriov

HKoAovOovy DaiiAw Tpéxwv, Bde hatvAws av 6 216

omovdopdpos obTos bm’ ewod ToTe SuwKdpevos

e€epuyev 08d’ av eAadpas dv amemdXi~aro.

vov 8° ézreid1) oreppov 4On Todpmov avTuKYTLLOV kal trada@ Aaxparetin To oxéAos Baptverar, 220 oixeTat. SuwKtéos Sé+ un yap eyxdvn mote [unde trep yépovras ovtas expuywv ’Ayapveas.

7 = “~ / \ / a > a doris, & Led mrarep Kal Veo, rotow éxOpotow > , ‘ > €O7TELOATO, [avr. 225

® Enter, running in pursuit of Amphitheus, twenty-four old Acharnians who constitute the Chorus.

» A celebrated Olympic victor; the adverb ¢ai)hws is a play on his name.

24

AM.

THE ACHARNIANS, 203-225

And I will flee those peppery old Acharnians.

cuorus.* Here’s the trail ; pursue, pursue him; |

follow, follow, every man ; Question whosoever meets you whitherwards the fellow ran. Much it boots the state to catch him ! (To the audience) O inform me, if ye know, Where the man who bears the treaties managed from my sight to go.

Fled and gone! Disappears ! O this weary weight of years ! O were I Now as spry As in youthful days gone by, When I stuck Like a man To Phajllus ® as he ran, And achieved Second place In the race, Though a great Charcoal freight I was bearing on my head,— Not so light From my sight Had this treaty-bearer fled, Norescaped With suehease From thechase.

Now because my joints have stiffened, and my shins are young no more, And the legs of Lacrateides by old age are burdened sore, He’s escaped us! But we'll follow : but he shall not boast that he Got away from us Acharnians, howsoever old we be.

Who has dared Father Zeus ! Gods of heaven ! to make a truce,

25

ARISTOPHANES

t > > ~ / > A 7 olou map eo moAenos exPodomds av&erat TOV euadv xwpiov- KovK dvjow mpl av ae avrotow avrep- Taya ogus, odurnpos, + # e emiKwmos, iva peAToTE TaTHow ert as euas dyumréhous. GAAa Set Cnreiv tov dvdpa Kat BdAdwew BadAjjvade \ / a A Aa Lud “ € = /, Kal dubkew yiiv mpo ys, Ews av evpeOh Tore: ¢ > \ / > ~ > a” > , ws eyw BddAwy éxeivov odK av éumdAnunv AiBors.

Al. edppctre, eddnctre. XO. otya mas. HKovoar’, avdpes, dpa tis €v-

‘8 Pnpuias ; > a > A > ~ “~ obros adds eat ov Cntoduev. adda Sedpo 7as > / /, A ¢ , e ” > > exmoowv: Oawv yap avip, ws €ou’, e&- EpPXETAL.

Al. cddypeire, edpnicire. mpoirw s TO mpoobev dXrLyov 7 Kavnpopos*

6 Zavbias TOV paAdrov opGov ornodru. MHTHP. Katdfov To Kavobdv, ® Ovyatep, WwW’ am- apf djueBa. @YTATHP. @ prep, avddos SeBpo THY eTVnpvowW, iw’ €rvos Kataxéw TovAaThpos TovTovi.

@ gxoivos = Schoenus mucronatus, the Dagger-pointed Bulrush, common on all the coasts of the Mediterranean. The spike is supposed to run well up (érlkwros=“ up to the hilt ’’) into the heels of the Lacedaemonians as they trample down the vines.

5 ® There is a play on Pallene, or Pellene, a famous Attic eme.

26

230

235

240

THE ACHARNIANS, 226-246

Who has pledged Faith with those Who are evermore my foes ; Upon whom War I make For my ruined vineyard’s sake ; And I ne’er From the strife Will give o’er, No, Ine’er Will forbear, Till I pierce them in return, Like a reed,? Sharply barbed Dagger-pointed, and they learn Not to tread Down my vines Any more. Now ’tis ours to seek the fellow, and Pelténe-wards ° to look, And from land to land to chase him, till we bring the rogue to book. Never shall I tire of pelting, pelting him to death with stones, © pi. (Within) Keep ye all the holy silence ! cHor. Hush! we’ve got him. Heard ye, comrades, “ silence ”’ called in solemn tones ? This is he, the man we're seeking. Stand aside, and in a trice He, methinks, will stand before us, coming out to sacrifice !

DI. (Coming out) Keep ye all the holy silence ! Now, basket-bearer, go you on in front,° You, Xanthias, hold the phallus-pole erect. wire. Set down the basket, girl : and we'll begin. DAUGHTER. O mother, hand me here the gravy-spoon, To ladle out the gravy o’er the cake. ¢ Dic. celebrates the Rural Dionysia on a small scale with

his daughter (who acts as xaynddpos) and two slaves, while his wife represents the spectators. 27

Al.

MH.

Al.

ARISTOPHANES

\ \ / > > Ss / /, Kat pnv Kaddv y’ €or’. & Avovuce d€éa70TA4, KEXAPLOLEVOOS Gou THVSE TV TOpATHY eye mepipavra Kal Odoavra pero, Trav olkeT@v dyoryetv TUxnpOs TA Kat aypods Atovtova, 250 otpatias amad\axbevra Tas omrovdas Sé por KaAds EvveveyKeiv Tas TprakovTovrioas. * 3 > 4 iid A ~ \ ~ ay’, ® Ovyarep, dws TO Kavobv Kad} KaAds ” / / ¢€ / otoeis, BAézrovaa bupBpodayov. ws wakdpios doTis o° dmvoet, KaKTonoeTaL yards 255 lot \ id a“ > A av aod pndev yrrovs Bdeiv, émerdav OpOpos 7. / > ” / / mpoBawe, Kav THOXAW purdrrecbat opddpa a tis Aabuv cov meputpayn Ta Xpvoia. @ ERavbia, of@v 8° éoriv dpbds éExréos 6 padros e€omiabe Tijs Karn Popov * 260 eyo 3S dicodovd av doopat TO padducdv ad 8’, d ywvat, 0c py’ ado Tob réyous. mpdBa.

Dadijs, éraipe Baxyxiov,

Evykwpe, vuKTotrepuTAdvy -

TE, pore, maepaord, 265 EKTW o ETE mpocetTrov és

TOV “Sijpov eAcov dopevos,

omoveas Tolnadpevos eav-

TO, TpayydaTtwy Te Kal pway@v

kat Aaudywv amaddAayeis. 270

TOAAG ydp eof” 7Hdi0v, @ Parijs, Dadrjs, KAémtovoay €v= povd” awpucny vAnddpov

tiv ULtpvpodmpov Oparrav x

® OupBpopdyor : demure,

> She would wear her best ornaments ; cf. DL. 1189 seq.

28

THE ACHARNIANS, 247-274

DI. ’Tis well. Lord Dionysus, grant me now To show the show and make the sacrifice As thou would’st have me, I and all my house ; Then keep with joy the Rural Dionysia ; No more of soldiering now. And may this Peace Of thirty summers answer to my hopes. wire, O daughter, bear the basket sweetly, sweet, With savory-eating * look. Happy the man, Whoe’er he is, who weds thee and begets Kittens as fair and saucy as thyself. Move on! but heed lest any in the crowd Should nibble off, unseen, thy\bits of gold.® DI. O Xanthias, walk behind the basket-bearer, Holding, you two, the phallus-pole erect. And I'll bring up the rear, and sing the hymn : Wife, watch me from the roof. Now then, proceed.

(Singing) O Phales,* comrade revel-roaming

Of Bacchus, wanderer of the gloaming, Of wives and boys the naugthy lover, Here in my home I gladly greet ye, Six weary years of absence over ;

For I have made a private treaty

And said good-bye to toils and fusses, And fights, and fighting Lamachuses.¢

Far happier tis to me and sweeter,

O Phales, Phales, some soft glade in,

To woo the saucy, arch, deceiving,

Young Thratta (Strymodore his maiden), ¢ Phales is the gahXés personified. * For Lamachus see Index; his very name suggests

fighting. 29

XO.

Al.

XO.

Al. XO.

Al,

XO.

Al.

XO.

ARISTOPHANES

Tod de\Adws, peony AaBdvr’, ” / dpavra, karaPaddvra, KaTa- 275

yuyaptioc & Dads, Dadjjs.

eav pe” Audv Evyrins, €x KpautdAns Ewbev «i- pyvns podjaes tpvBALov. 4 8° dons ev Th hedAw Kpewnoerat.

odTos avTds €oTW, OdTOS. 280 Bdadre BddAde Baddde Barre, mate mas TOV puapov. od Bareis, ob} Badets; ‘H 4, A \ Page ) , pdkres, TouTi Ti €oTL; THY XUTPAV oVV- Tpipete. [orp. re aé prev odv KaTadetoouev, @ papa Kepadr. 285 avTlt moias aitias, @yapvéewy yepairarov; Toor €pwrds; dvaioxuvros ef kat BdeAupos, > s a , ¢ cA / ® mpoddra Tis marpidos, doTis Hu@v povos 290 | ” 9 > orevodpevos elra Svvacar mpos Em amro- Prérrew. > avtt 8 dv é€omevodunv otk tore y's add aKovoare, fol ore / > al /, / ood y’ axotvowpev, amoXet: Kard ce xwoopev trois AiBois. 295 ~ ‘ »” > o , > > > > / pndapas, mpl av y’ aKxovonr: ad’ ava- oxeo)’, dyaboi. > > / \ / A yA ovK avacxjcopmars nde Aéye ot od Adyov*

30

@ Lit. “ after the night’s debauch.”

CHOR.

DI.

CHOR.

DI.

CHOR,.

DI,

CHOR.

DI.

CHOR.

THE ACHARNIANS, 274-299

As from my woodland. fells I meet her Descending with my fagots laden,

And catch her up, and ill entreat her, And make her pay the fine for thieving.

O Phales, Phales, come and sup, And in the morn, to brace you up,? Of Peace you'll quaff a jovial cup ; And mid the chimney sparks our useless shield we'll hang.

That’s the man who made the treaty ; There he stands Full in view ; Pelt him, pelt him, pelt him, pelt him, Pelt him you! Pelt him you! Heracles ! what ails the fellows ? Hang it all, ye’ll smash the pot ! It is you we will smash with our stones, you detestable head. O most worshipful Acharnians, why ? what reason have ye got ? Dare you ask? Traitor base ! Dare you look me in the face? You who make, You alone, Private treaties of your own ! Shameless heart ! Shameless hand ! Traitor to your fatherland ! But ye know not why I did it : hear me now the facts declare. Hear you? No! Youre to die; "Neath a stony cairn to lie! Not, O not until ye’ve heard me ; worthy sirs, forbear, forbear ! No delay! Thee to slay We'll immediately begin. 31

Al.

XO.

Al.

XO.

Al.

XO.

ARISTOPHANES

~ a > ws pewlonkd aoe Kiéwvos ert pGddov, ov €- 300 yo) Teu® Totow tmmeto. KarTUpara. “~ > > \ / 4 > > , aod 5’ éeyw Adyous réyovtos odK akovaopat poakpous, 7 > / /, > \ , dotis eomreiow Adkwow, adda TYyLwpyoopat. ayaboi, rods pev Adkwvas éxrrodwy édoarte, 305 Tav 8 eu@v onovddv axovoat’, «i Kalas €oTrevodunv. ~ / 2 ”* ~ / a” wv > , Tas b€ y’ dv Kadds A€yous av, elmep EoTrELow y’ dma€é e A ‘ ” ‘ ww? @ , olow ovre Bwpos ovTe riots OVO SpKos evel; > 3 A \ \ 4 e Ed > / 01d’ éyw Kai tods Adkwvas, ols dyav eyKet- p<Oa, obx amdvrwy dvTas Hiv aitiovs TOv mpay- parov. 310 2 ¢ / > aA ~ A ~ odx amdvTwyv, @ mavotpye; Tatra 57) ToAuas Aéyew > ~ ” \ a ae > ; “a eupavas dn mpos Huds; «lr éeyw aod deioopas ; 3 c / > ¢ / > ? = A / odx amdvTwr, ody amdvrwv: GAN’ éyw éywv dol mOAN’ av arodivaiw’ éxeivovs of? a Kadt- Koupevous. ~ ” A ” A / TobTo Tovmos Sewov 7dn Kal TapakuKdpdrov, 315 ei od Todujces bmép TOV Todcpiwv Hutv déyew. Kav ye 7 Aéyw Sixara, unde TO TAHOE S0KD,

* For Cleon see Index; the Knights were his special enemies, and xarr’para refers to his trade as a tanner.

32

DI.

CHOR.

-DI.

CHOR.

DI.

CHOR.

DI.

THE ACHARNIANS, 300-317

No debate! Thee we hate Worse than Cleon’s ¢ self, whose skin I'll ere long Cut to shoes For the worthy Knights to use. But from you, who made a treat with the false Laconian crew, I will hear no long orations, I will surely punish you. Worthy fellows, for the moment those Laconians pretermit ; "Tis a question of my treaty, was I right in making it. Right to make it ! when with Sparta no engagement sacred stands, Not the altar, not the oath-pledge, not the faith of clasped right hands ! Yet I know that these our foemen, who our bitter wrath excite, Were not always wrong entirely, nor ourselves entirely right. Not entirely, shameless rascal ? Do you such opinions dare Openly to flaunt before me? Shall I then a traitor spare ? Not entirely, not entirely ! I can prove by reasons strong That in many points the Spartans at our hands have suffered wrong. This is quite a heart-perplexing, terrible affair indeed, If you mean that you will venture for our enemies to plead. we and if I plead not truly, or the people doubt display,

VOL. I D 33

xo.

Al.

XO. Al. XO. Al. Xo. Al.

xO.

Al.

xO.

ARISTOPHANES

brép eménjvov “OedAjow tiv Kepadyvy éexwv déyew. > / , / a“ / > / elmé pot, Ti pevdopeaba THv AiOwv, d Snudrat, py) od Katakaivew Tov avdpa Tobrov és dowt- Kioa; 320 olov ad péAas tis byiv OvpddrAwy érélecev. ovk dKovcec’, otk axotvcecl éeredv, Oxap- vyidat; odK axovadpcoba Sijra. dewd Tapa meicopat. eLodoimnv, Hv axovow. pndapn@s, @xapviKol. ¢ / ” / ws teOviEwv tobe vovi. dnfopap tuads eyed. 395 > la \ ¢ al ~ / \ aVTATOKTEVa yap tuadv Tov hidwv rods diA- TaToOvs* e ” .¢ ~ ¢ / “a > / / ws exw y tu@v ouypovs,ovs atroopaéw AaBuy. el7é por, Ti Todr’ ametrdet Tovmos, avdpes Snporat, a? a ee, al ” ’ tots Axyapvixotow nutv; pv €xe Tov TaLdiov TOV Tapovtwy Eevdov eip£as; 7 “mi TH Opa- ovveTrat; 330 Badrer’, <i Bovrco®’. eyd yap tovrovi dia-

pbepa.

” > e ~ ae id > / etoouar 8 dvudv tay’ dotis avOpdKwv TL

KHOETAL. e > / > c / / ¢Q> w+ > ws amwrdpecO’. 6 AdpKos SnuoTys 68’ €or eyes.

* Dic. goes into the house and returns three lines later carrying in one hand a hamper (dAdpxos) full of charcoal and in the other a drawn sword. ‘The Scholiast says that the ensuing scene is parodied from the Telephus of Euripides,

34

CHOR.

DI.

CHOR.

DI.

CHOR,.

DI.

CHOR.

DI.

CHOR.

DI.

CHOR.

THE ACHARNIANS, 318-333

On a chopping-block I’m willing, whilst I speak, my head to lay. Why so slack, my fellow-burghers ? Let us stone the naughty varlet, Let us scarify and shred him to an uniform of scarlet. What a red and dangerous ember sparkled up within you then ! Won’t you hear me, won’t you hear me, good Acharnians, worthy men ? Never, never, will we hear you. That will cause me bitter woe. If I do, perdition seize me ! O Acharnians, say not so. Know that you must die this instant. Then I’ll make you suffer too. For my safety I’ve a hostage, one that’s very dear to you. Now I'll bring him out and slay him ; you shall see your darling’s end.4 O Acharnian fellow-burghers, what can words like these portend To our noble band of brethren ? Think you that the man can hold Any child of ours in durance ? What can make him wax so bold ? Now then pelt me; here’s the hostage ! I will slay and will not spare. I shall speedily discover which of you for charcoal care. Heaven preserve us ! ‘tis a scuttle, tis my fellow-burgher true !

35

Al. XO.

Al. XO.

Al . Xo.

AI.

XO.

Al.

ARISTOPHANES

> A A /, “a 4 ~ Cad ava pn Spdons 6 péAdAes. pndapds, @ pndapas. ¢€ > ~ , > > ‘ A > , Os amoktev@, KéKpaxl’> éyw yap ovK aKov- copa. [avr. 335 amoveis dp’ oundAiKa Tovde diAavOpaxéa; odd euod Adyovros tyucis aptiws. nKovoare. 2\\1 NS NOS to a (se ’ , GAAG vuvi A€éy’, et cou Soxe?, Tov Te Aake- Saysoviov adrov 67. TH TpdTM Gov “ati didos: ¢ s \ t > t , Ws TOd€ TO AapKidiov od mpoddow Tore. 340 rovs Aifous viv wou yapale mpOrov eEepdoare. ovTou gor xapal, Kal od Kardov maAw TO Eidos. > i \ eg a / > / pad 4 GAN Srws pt) ’v Tots TpiBwow eyKabnvrat mov Abou. > La ay? > ea , exoécevoTrar xapal’. ody opds cerdmevov; GAAa poy por mpddacw, adAd Kardfov To Bédos. 345 c iA A 4 lot a 7 Ws ddE ye GELOTOS Ga TH oTpoPH yiyverat. as a> Dy ds jhe > 7 , euedrer Gp’ admavres avacetew Bory, \/7 > > / 4 / dAlyov 7 améBavov avOpaxes Llapyjacor, Kal Tatra dua TH atomiav Tay SnpoTar. € A ~ / \ ~ / \ bao Tod Séous S€ THs papiAns por avxv7v 350 6 Adpkos éveriAnoev Worep onTia.

\ \ 4 > / lA Sewov yap ottws dudakiay repuKevar

tov Oupov avdp@v wate BaddAew Kal Body

@ i.e. himself.

> 4.e. provided you release the Adpxos.

¢ Dic. employs the peculiar word dvacelew because the preceding speech of the Chorus is full of “ shakes.”

4 apt» is the black dust of the charcoal.

36

DI.

CHOR.

DI.

CHOR.

DI.

CHOR.

DI.

CHOR,

DI.

THE ACHARNIANS, 334-353

Never do the thing you mention : never do, O never do! Cry aloud! I’m going to slay him ; I shall neither hear nor heed.

You will slay then this charcoal-adorer,

its equal in years ! Aye, for when I craved a hearing you refused. to hear me plead. Ah! but now! Now you may! Whatsoever suits you say.

‘ Say you love, Say you prize,

Our detested enemies.?

Ne’ er will I Faithless prove

To the scuttle which I eee

Well then first, the stones you gathered,

throw them out upon the ground.

Out they go! All my hoard ! Prithee, lay aside the sword.

But I fear that in your lappets other missiles may be found.

All are gone! Every one!

See my garment shaken wide ! Don’t evade Promise made. Lay, O lay the sword aside. Here’s my robe Shaken out, As I twist and twirl about. You would then, would you, shake ° your cries aloft, ° And this Parnesian charcoal all but died, Slain by the madness of its fellow-burghers. And in its fright this scuttle, cuttle-wise, . Voided its inky blackness ¢ on my clothes. Alas that men should carry hearts as sour — As unripe grapes, to pelt and roar, nor hear

37

ARISTOPHANES

27 a 2 ~ A ” w L4 ebérew 7° akotcar pndev toov tow dpépor, > ~ / ¢ A > x , euod OéAovros brép emEjvov Aéyew 355 ¢c A / Nd 2 78. 2m / baép Aaxedaoviwy amav?’ Go’ av Aéyw / ~ \ > \ \ ? £ Kaltor Pir ye THv eurv ypuxynv eye.

xo. TL odv od A€yeus, emiEnvov eLeveyKav Opal’, [orp 6 Tt ToT, @ axeTAE, TO peya TOOT ExeEts; 360 mdvu yap éué ye 7000s 6 Tu hpoveis Exe. > >. & > \ \ / / GAN Arep adros Thy Sikynv Swpicw, Oeis Seipo todmi—nvov éyxeiper A€yewv. 365

Al. (Sod OeGabe, 7d pev emi—nvov Todi, e > : Mp ¢ / ¢ \ , 6 8 dvip 6 A€€wv obToat TUVvvoUTOOL. > / \ A ed > > / dpéeAe pa tov AV odK« evaomida@aopat, AdEw 8 dep Aaxedayoviwy & pot Soxel. / / / 4 \ /, Kaito. déd0iKa ToAAd* Tovs TE yap TpoTOUVS 370 Tos TOV aypolkwy olda xaipovtas afddpa. édv tis avrovs evdoyh Kal THv mdAw > Av > A \ / v avip adaldv Kal Sika Kadica* > ~ / Mey tA KkavTat0a AavOavovo’ ameputroAdpevot’* ~ > > 4 A ‘ i Tov T ad yepovtwy olda Tas Puxas OTe 375 ovdev BAémovaw aAAo mAjv Yjdw daxeiv- abrds 7 euavtov bd KAéwvos dmafov eriorapar Sua Tv mépvor Kwpmdiav.

* A metaphor from wine mingled with an equal quantity of water.

> i.e, I will come out into the open, not skulk behind a shield ; cf. Hom. Jl. 267 seq., where the archer Teucer keeps dodging behind the shield of Ajax.

¢ Dic. fears (1) the simple country folk who were deluded by the demagogues, (2) the old dicasts (for whom see the Wasps), and (3) Cleon. Aristophanes had apparently made fun of Cleon and certain officials in the Babylonians which

38

THE ACHARNIANS, 354-378

A tempered statement mingled half and half ; @

Not though I’m willing o’er a chopping- block

To say my say for Lacedaemon’s folk.

And yet I love, be sure, my own dear life.

cHor. O why not bring the block

DI.

out of doors without delay,

And speak the mighty speech

which you think will win the day ?

For really I’ve a longing

to hear what you will say ! So in the fashion you yourself prescribed, Place here the chopping-block and start your speech. Well look and see, the chopping-block is here, ' And I’m to speak, poor little friendless I. Still never mind ; I won’t enshield myself,® I'll speak my mind for Lacedaemon’s folk. And yet I fear ; ¢ for well I know the moods Of our good country people, how they love To hear the City and themselves bepraised By some intriguing humbug, right or wrong, Nor ever dream they are being bought and sold. And well I know the minds of those old men Looking for nothing but a verdict-bite. Aye and I know what I myself endured At Cleon’s hands for last year’s Comedy.

he had produced at the Great Dionysia the year before, and Cleon had denounced him for “ defaming the State in the presence of strangers,” cf. 503.

39

ARISTOPHANES

> , / > >? A /

eiceAkvoas yap pu’ eis TO Bovdeurijpiov

di€Badre Kai pevdH kateyAwrrilé pov 380 > / ” 7 + C9IVZ /

KaxukdAoPdper KamAvvev, war’ dAtyou mdvu

amtwArdpnv odvvoTpayyj.ovovpevos.

vov ody we mpatov mpw Aéyew edoare

evoxevacacbai pu ofov abAudirarov.

~~ , XO. Ti tadra otpéder teyvalers Te Kal mopileis ,

tpiBas ; [avr. 385 AaBe S° euot y? &vexa map’ ‘lepwvijuou oKxoTodacuTuKvetpixd Tw “Aidos Kuvqv' 390

. od > / \ A / cir’ e€dvovye pnxavas Tas Lovdov, ws oxhiw aydv odTos ovK €iadéEerat.

ov > \ 4 \ \ a“. Al. wpa o7lv apa jor Kkaptepav puynv AaBeiv, Kai por Badiore” eotly cis Edpimidny. Tal Wat. KH®IZ00N. Tis OvTOS; Al. évdov €or Edpimidns; 395 > ” ” > / > / ” KH. ovK €vdov, evdov eoriv, ef yrwpnv Exeis. Al. 7@s €vdov, ely odK evdov; KH. opbds, @ yépov. 6 voids pev e€w EvdAdywv éervdA\va > ” ] A > 3 / a ovk evdov, abros 8 évdov avaBadyny mrovet Tpaywoiav. Al. ® tpropakapy’ Edperidy, 400 “7p? ¢ ~ ¢€ \ ~ ¢ / 60° 6 So0bA0s ottwoi acodads t7oKpiverat. exkdAecov adrov.

* KuxddBopos* morapds ev ’AOhvats xeluappos, ayav Wyav. Schol. » Lit. “ helmet of Hades,” i.e. of invisibility; ef. Jl. v.

40

THE ACHARNIANS, 379-402

How to the Council-house he haled me off,

And slanged, and lied, and slandered, and betongued me,

Roaring Cycloborus ¢-wise ; till I well nigh

Was done to death, bemiryslushified.

Now therefore suffer me, before I start,

To dress me up the loathliest way I can.

coor. O why keep putting off with that shilly-shally air ? Hieronymus may lend you, for anything I care, The shaggy ‘Cap of Darkness ”’® from his tangle-matted hair. Then open all the wiles of Sisyphus,

Since this encounter will not brook delay.

DI. Now must my heart be strong, and I depart To find Euripides. Boy! Ho there, boy ! CEPHISOPHON. Who calls me ?

DI. Is Euripides within ? CE. Within and not within,’ if you conceive me. DI. Within and not within ?

CE. "Tis even so.

His mind, without, is culling flowers of song, But he, within, is sitting up aloft Writing a play.

DI. O lucky, lucky poet, Whose very servant says such clever things ! But call him.

845. H. was a poet with a mop of unkempt hair which almost hid his face; ef. L. 349.

* Wanting some beggarly rags Dic. resorts to Euripides, who often dresses his characters in them; ef. 412; F'. 842 paxcoouppamrrdéns.

¢ A skit on E.’s style, e.g. Ale. 521 éorw re xovk &r éorw.

41

ARISTOPHANES

KH. GAN advvarov. Al. GAN’ Guws. > A “ > / > > \ / \ 7 od yap av améAfoun’, adda Koisw tiv Ovdpar, Evpuridn, EtipuniB.ov, bmdKovoor, €lmep TwTOT dvOpcimreov Tut 405 AtkatorroAis._ Kade? oe XodAAcidns, eye. EYPIMIAHE. GAA’ od ayodAy. Al. GAA’ exxuKAnOyr’. EY. aad’ advvarov. Al. GAN’ dpws. EY. GAX’ éxxukAjoopwa KataBaivew 8° od axyoAn. Al. Evdpimidn, EY. ti AéAaxas; > / a Al. avaBadnv troveis, 410 Ly in 4 > > 4% \ lal efov KataBddnv: odk eros ywAovs motels. aTrap Ti Ta pak eK Tpaywodlas exes, eabr édcewhv; odK eros TTWYXOVs Totes. > 1 Mes ~ ‘ ~ / > > / adn’ avtiBorA@ pos THv yovdrwv a’, Edpumidy, dds jou pak.ov Te Too maAavod Spdparos. 415 det yap me AcEau T@ Xop@ piow pakpay* avrn d¢ Odvarov, 7 7 KaKOS AdEw, Peper. EY. Ta Tota Tpvyn; pav ev ols Oiveds Odi 6 dvoTroTMos yepatos HywvileTo;

Al. ok Oivéws fv, add’ Ex’ aOAwrepov. 420 EY. Ta TOD TUPAOD Doivikos; Al. od Doivixos, ov,

9 The adjective marks his deme.

» i.e. ““ show yourself by means of the eccyclema,” a piece of machinery by which the wall of a house is turned as if on a pivot, disclosing the interior.

¢ Because you bring them into being on such a dangerous height.

42

CE. DI.

THE ACHARNIANS, 402-421

But it can’t be done. But still. ..! For go I won’t. I'll hammer at the door. Euripides, my sweet one ! O if you ever hearkened, hearken now. "Tis I, Cholleidian ¢ Dicaeopolis.

EURIPIDES. But I’ve no time.

DI. EUR. DI. EUR. DI. EUR. DI.

EUR.

DI. EUR. DI.

But pivot.? But it can’t be done. But still... ! Well then, I'll pivot, but I can’t come down. Euripides ! Aye. Why do you write up there, And not down here? That’s why you make lame heroes.° And wherefore sit you robed in tragic rags, A pitiful garb? That’s why you make them beggars. But by your knees, Euripi’es, I pray, Lend me some rags from that old play of yours ; 4 For to the Chorus I to-day must speak A lengthy speech ; and if I fail, ‘tis pear. Rags! Rags! what rags? Mean you the rags wherein This poor old Oeneus ¢ came upon the stage ? Not Oeneus, no ; a wretcheder man than he. Those that blind Phoenix wore ? Not Phoenix, no ;

4 ro Tydrépou; for this play, to which there are frequent references here, see Index s.v.

¢ King of Calydon, deprived of his throne by his nephews.

* According to this legend P. was accused by his father Amyntor of seducing his mistress and blinded by him.

43

EY.

Al. EY.

Al.

EY. Al.

EY.

KH. Al.

EY. Al.

ARISTOPHANES

> > @ / > add’ Erepos Hv Doivixos abAvwrepos. / eee / > a / troias 700” avinp Aakidas airetrar 7érAwv; > >. / \ lol onl / adr’ 7 DiroxtHTov Ta TOG TTwyYO Héyets; ” > \ 4 \ \ / ovK, adda TovTOV TOAD TOAD TTWYLOTEpOV. > a > A ~ / / P aA’ 7 Ta Svomwh Oédets terrAHpaTa “A , — 33 c ‘ ¢ / a& BedAepoddvrns ely’ 6 xwdds odroat; > / > A > ~ od BeAXepoddvrns: adda Kaxeivos ev tv

xwrds, mpooatav, orwpvros, Sewos Aéyew.

oid’ avdpa, Mvaov TrAedov. vat, THAedov:

, ‘ 3 ~ / \ 4 tovtov 0s avTiBoA@® oé por Ta oTapyava.

+. a \ 7 A / ¢ , ® mat, dos att TyrAéddov paxwpara. ketrau 8° dvwlev THv Oveoreiwv pakdyr, petaéd tav *lvoos. idov, Tavti AaBe. > Z. ~ PS) # \ /, lonl & Zeb Sidrta Kai Karonta TravrTayy, évoxevdcacbai pu” ofov abAudratov. Edpuridyn, ’medijmep éxapiow radi, > af \ > ~ e ~ Kakeivad ow 50s taKddovba Tav pakar, \ / \ A \ \ v4 TO mAidtov mept THY Kehadjv tO Mudovov. det yap pe Sd€ar wrwyov elvar THwepor, > A Ld a. f , A , elvat prev Gomrep eipi, paivecBar dé pur" ‘ A \ 07 > a ww > > / Tovs pev Oeatas cidévar py Os el’ eyo, Tovs 0° ab xopevtas 7AWiovs mapeoravat, Omws av adbtovs pnuatios oKyadiow. / “~ \ ‘ ~ , SHow* muKvA yap AcrTa pnxavd Ppevi. b] / / > c \ a evdaysovoins, Tnrédw 8° aya dpova.

* This play was produced by Euripides in 431 8.c. > Jame,” i.¢., after being thrown from Pegasus.

¢ It is not known how Thyestes and Ino came to wear rags. 4 jl. 441 and 442 are said by the Scholiast to be taken from

the T'elephus.

44

430

435

440

EUR.

DI.

EUR.

DI.

EUR.

’ The Mysian Telephus.

DI.

EUR..

EUR.

THE ACHARNIANS, 422-446

Some other man still wretcheder than Phoenix. What shreds of raiment can the fellow mean ? Can it be those of beggarly Philoctetes 4? One far, far, far, more beggarly than he. Can it be.then the loathly gaberdine Wherein the lame ® Bellerophon was clad ? Bellerophon ? no; yet mine too limped and begged,

A terrible chap to talk.

I know the man.

Telephus it is !

_Lend me, I pray, that hero’s swaddling-

clothes. Boy, fetch him out the rags of Telephus. They lie above the Thyesteian rags, "Twixt those and Ino’s.¢ (To Di.) Take them ; here they are. (Holding up the tattered garment against the light) Lord Zeus, whose eyes can pierce through everywhere, Let me be dressed the loathliest way I can. Euripides, you have freely given the rags, Now give, I pray you, what pertains to these, The Mysian cap to set upon my head. For I’ve to-day to act a beggar’s part,# To be myself, yet not to seem myself ; The audience there will know me who I am, Whilst all the Chorus stand. like idiots by, The while I fillip them with cunning words.* Take it ; you subtly plan ingenious schemes. To thee, good luck; to Telephus—what I wish him !

* Or “ little phraselets ” such as E. was fond of.

45

ARISTOPHANES

a5: Ss e ” ‘ , > , «bd y’> olov 4dy pnyatiwv éeumimAapat. arap Séouai ye mrwyikod Baxrnpiov.

EY. toutl AaBwv dmeAOe Aaivwv orabuadv.

Al. @ Ovy’, dpds yap ws dmevBodpuau ddpwv, 450 moA\A@v Sedpevos oxevapiov: viv 57) yevod yAioxpos mpocatéy Auapdv 7. Edpumidy, dds poe orupid.ov diakeKavpevov AdyvH.

/ > > ¥ AQ> / 4

EY. Ti 0’, @ TdAas, ce TODS’ Eyer mAEKOUS xpéos;

Al. xpéos pev oddev, BovAopa. 5’ duws AaBetv. 455

EY. Aumnpos tof” wv Karoydpynaov Souwv.

Al. deb: eddayovoins, WomEep 7) LATHP TOTE.

ET. ameAe viv por.

Al. paAAd poor Sos Ev povor, KoTuAicKiov TO xetAos azroKEeKpovopLevov.

ET. Ocipov AaBwv 70d’: tof 8 dxAnpos wv

ddopots. 460

Al. ow pa Av’ ofa@ of adros epydler Kaka. > > > / > > LAN \ / GAN’, & yAvKdrat Evpuridn, TOUTL [LOvoV, dds por xuTpidvov orroyyi@ BeBuopévov.

EY. av0pwr’, aparprce pe THY Tpaywdiay. ameABe tavrnvi AaBav.

Al. Ame pxYouae. 465

/ ld / a A 1 RS ‘ A Kaito. Ti Spdow; Set yap evds, ob py TYXWV > , > + s tA > > / amoAwd’. dkovoov, ® yAuKitar’ Edpumidn: Toutt AaBav dimreype Kou mMpooeyn” ETL" els TO omupiouov ¢ ioxva pou pvAdcta dds. EY. dzoAeis p’. iSov aor. Ppoddd pou ta Spa- para. 470

* i.e., wearing the rags of T. he feels himself able to talk like him.

> Probably for carrying scraps ; cf. sportula, Telephus is said to have carried one “in a tragedy ” (Diog. Laert. vi. 87). 46

EUR.

DI.

EUR.

DI.

EUR.

DI.

EUR.

DI.

EUR.

DI.

EUR.

DI.

EUR.

THE ACHARNIANS, 347-470

Yah! why I’m full of cunning words already.* But now, methinks, I need a beggar’s staff. Take this, and get thee from the marble halls. O Soul, thou seest me from the mansion thrust, Still wanting many a boon. Now in thy prayer Be close and instant. Give, Euripides, A little basket ° with a hole burnt through it. What need you, hapless one, of this poor wicker ? No need perchance ; but O I want it so. Know that you’re wearisome, and get you one. Alas! Heaven bless you, as it blessed your mother.° ; Leave me in peace. Just one thing more, but one, A little tankard with a broken rim. Here. Nowbeoff. You trouble us; begone. You know not yet what ill you do yourself. Sweet, dear Euripides, but one thing more, Give me a little pitcher, plugged with sponge. Fellow, you’re taking the whole tragedy. Here, take it and begone. I’m going now. And yet! there’s one thing more, which if I get not ; I’m ruined. Sweetest, best Euripides, With this I'll go, and never come again ; Give me some withered leaves to fill my basket. You'll slay me! Here! My plays are dis-

appearing. € Said to be a seller of potherbs ; ¢f. 478.

AT

ARISTOPHANES

> > Al. add’ odbkér’, GAN’ dey. Kal yap ep’ ayav oxAnpés, o8 Soxdv pe Koipdvous orvyeiv.

a / e > / > > , oot KaKodaipwv, ws amdAwdA’. émedabopnv > ev @Tép €oTt TaVTA LoL TA TPAypLaTa.

Ed id on Xr / \ > , 475 dpimidiov, @ diArdriov Kat yAvKUTaTov, a). KdKioT azroAoipny, el ti o” airnoam ert, TAnv Ev ,Ovov, TOUTL LOVOV, TOUTL [LOVOV, / / ‘af / / oKavouKd por dds, pntpobev dedeypevos. er. avyp bBpiler: KAcie myKTa Swydtwvr. Al. @ Op’, dvev oxdvdiKos eumopevTéa. 480 dp oic@’ dcov tov ayav’ adywwel Taxa,

/ ¢ A , > ~ / pedAAwv tarép Aaredayrovie dvdpav Aéyews mpoBawe vuv, ® Oupe: ypappn &° adbrni. Eornkas ; jouK el Kar amuay Edpimidny ; emjvea’* aye vuv, @ TdAawa Kapdia, 485 ” Bubad then > \ \ OF rs ameAW” exeioe, Kata tiv Kepadny Exel mapacyxes, eimoto’ arr av avth aot doK7j.

/ ToAunoov, iO., xwpynoov, ayapat Kapdias. 490 XO. Ti Spdoes; ti djoes; GAN’ tobe vuv dvaicxuvtos wv adnpots 7” avip, doTis Tapacxwv TH mode TOV avdxeva, drat pees els _Aéyew Tdvavria. avip ov Tpepel TO mpayy’« ela vuv, 495 emelonmep avTos atpet, A€ye.

Al. pa poot pOovnonr’, dvdpes of Oedpevor, el mrwyos Ov Emer’ ev “APnvaiors Aéyew

@ ** Parodied from the Oeneus of Euripides”: Schol.

> Here Euripides is wheeled in again, and Dic. advances to the block to make his speech.

¢ 4.¢., from which the racers started. Dic. being now well primed with Euripides feels he ought to go ahead,

48

DI.

EUR. DI.

CHOR,.

DI.

THE ACHARNIANS, 471-497

Enough! Igo. Too troublesome by far

Am I, not witting that the chieftains hate me!

Good Heavens! I’mruined. I had clean for- gotten

The thing whereon my whole success depends.

My own Euripides, my best and sweetest,

Perdition seize me if I ask aught else

Save this one thing, this only, only this,

Give me some chervil, borrowing from your mother.

The man insults us. Shut the palace up.®

O Soul, without our chervil we must go.

Knowest thou the perilous strife thou hast to strive,

Speaking in favour of Laconian men ?

On, on, my Soul! Here is the line. How? What ?

Swallow Euripides, and yet not budge?

Oh, good! Advance, O long-enduring heart,

Go thither, lay thine head upon the block,

And say whatever to thyself seems good.

Take courage! Forward! March! O well done, heart !

What will you say ? What will you do? Man, is it true

You are made up of iron and of shameless-

ness too ?

You who will, one against us all, debate,

Offering your neck a hostage to the State ! Nought does he fear.

Since you will have it so, speak, we will hear

Bear me no grudge, spectators, if, a beggar, I dare to speak before the Athenian people

VOL, I E 49

ARISTOPHANES

SrA \ ~ / yh ~

peAAw trepl Tis moAcws, Tpvywdiay TowWv.

TO yap Sixatov olde Kal Tpvywdia.

> \ A / \ us / LA

eye be Aref dewa pev, dixaa Se.

od yap pe vov ye SuaBaArct KAdwy ott

Seven Tapovre TH aroAw Kax@s eyo.

adrol yap éopev otal Anvaiw 7’ ayav,

Kkovmw Edvor mdpevow* ovTe yap ddpor

HKovow ovT ex Tov ToAEwv of EVppaxot’

adn éopev adrol viv ye mepreTTiopevot’

Tovs yap eTOlKous Axupa TOV aoTav A€éyw. , > A \ ~ \ / / éya d€ wrod pwev Aakedaysoviovs ofddpa, 2 cal ¢ ~ ¢ \ / /,

kavtots 6 Ilocedav, otri Tawdpw eds,

oeloas amacw euBddror Tas oikias*

Kajol yap éotw apmédAva KeKoppeva.

> tA / \ ¢ / > , 2

arap, pido. yap of mapdvres ev Ady,

tl Tabra, TovS Adkwvas airreseba ;

HOV yap avOpes, ovxt THY Tmodw Aێyo,

pEepnode Too0’, ote odxl THY 7OAW Aéyoo,

add’ dvSpdpra poxOnpa, TapakeKoppEeva,

aTiya Kal Tapdonua Kal mapdgeva,

eouxodavre. Meyapéwv ta yAavioxia’

Kel tov aixvoy idorev 7 Aayed.ov

a” , x“ / ”“ A Ld

xowpidiov 7) aKdpodov 7%) xovdpods aAas,

tatr jv Meyapixa Karénpar’ adv0npepov.

@ The speech throughout is probably a parody of one in the Telephus, and for ll. 497, 498 the Scholiast quotes the original as—

ph por POovhanr’, dvdpes ‘EXMivwv axpor, el mrwxos Gy TéTAynK’ ev EcOdoicw Eyerv.

> Only citizens and péroixo were present at the “ Lenaea.”

¢ They are “ clean-winnowed,”’ only the grain being left, of which the dorol are the flour and the uérocxa the bran,

50

505

510

515

520

THE ACHARNIANS, 499-522

About the city in a comic play.4 fi For what is true even comedy can tell. And I shall utter startling things but true. Nor now can Cleon slander me because, With strangers present, I defame the State. Tis the Lenaea, and we’re all alone ; ° No strangers yet have come ; nor from the states Have yet arrived the tribute and allies. We're quite alone clean-winnowed ; for I count Our alien residents the civic bran.°

The Lacedaemonians I detest entirely ; And may Poseidon, Lord of Taenarum, Shake @ all their houses down about their ears ; For I, like you, have had my vines cut down. But after all—for none but friends are here— Why the Laconians do we blame for this ? For men of ours, I do not say the State, Remember this, I do not say the State,’ But worthless fellows of a worthless stamp, Ill-coined, ill-minted, spurious little chaps, Kept on denouncing Megara’s little coats/ And if a cucumber or hare they saw, Or sucking-pig, or garlic, or lump-salt,9 All were Megarian, and were sold off-hand.”

4 i.e. as ’Evvoctyaos, the Earth-Shaker. Sparta suffered from earthquakes ; ef. Thue. i. 128. 2; Paus. vii. 25. 1.

- He emphasizes this because that was the exact charge; cf. 503.

«The é&wuides which formed the staple manufacture of Megara; ef. Xen. Mem. ii. 7.6”: R.

— 9 de, rock-salt.

4 i.e. after being denounced as Megarian and confiscated ; cf. 542. The exclusion of the Megarians from the “ market of Athens and Athenian harbours’ was put forward by Sparta in 431 s.c. as one of the chief grounds for war; ef. Thue. i. 139. 1.

51

ARISTOPHANES

Kal Tadra joev 57) opiKpa KamiyxwpLa, mopynv dé LXipaiav idvres Meyapdde veaviat KA€mTovor peOvooKdTTaPou*

3)? J a Ka?” ot Meyapis ddvvais mepvovyywpevot \ avre€ekAcav “Aomacias mépva Svo° KavTed0ev apx7) Tod troAc¢uou Kareppdyn "EAAno. méow ex tpidv AaKkaorpidv. evred0ev opyh IlepuxAéns OdAvprros notpant, eBpovra, EvverdKa tiv “EAAdéa, eriOev voprous Womep oKdALa yeypappevous, ws xp) Meyapéas pre yR par’ ev ayopa

ie A > / 3 > > / ’ 6 pyr ev Oaratrn pit €v ATEipw peévew. évred0ev ot Meyapis, dre 5x) *meivwv Badnv, AaxeSayoviwy edéovro To Pidiop’ drws

, \ PS) A ¥ A / -

peraotpadein TO dia Tas AatKaoTpias ovk 70€dopev 8° Hts Seopevwv troAdAdxts.

> lol ” , Ey ~ > / Kavtedbev dn TaTaAyos Hv TOV aomidwr. > a > “~ > \ / > “~ ” €pel Tis, oD xphv: GAAa Ti exphy etmare. dep’, ct Aaxedaysoviwy tis exrrAcdoas oxddet amédoTo divas Kuvidioy Lepidiwv, Kabob? dv év Sdpovcow; 4 ToAdod ye Set

‘ / / “ > /, / Kat Kdpta pevtav ed0dws KabeiAkere

, ~ * 3° a“ ¢€ | Ws

Tpiakoatas vats, Hv 8° av 4 modus mAEa BoptBov orpatwwrdv, wept tpinpdpxov Pojs, puab0d Sdopevov, IladAadiwv xpvcovpevwr, aTods aTevaxovons, ovriwy peTpoupEevwr, 52

525

530

535

540

545

— a

Ne

_PDAPNHE

THE ACHARNIANS, 523-548

Still these were trifles, and our country’s way.

But some young tipsy cottabus-players went

And stole from Megara-town the fair Simaetha. Then the Megarians, garlicked with the smart, Stole, in return, two of Aspasia’s @ hussies. $

From these three Wantons o’er the Hellenic race Burst forth the first beginnings of the War.

For then, in wrath, the Olympian Pericles Thundered and lightened, and confounded Hellas, Enacting laws which ran like drinking-songs,°

That the Megarians presently depart

From earth and sea, the mainland, and the mart.

Then the Megarians, slowly famishing,

Besought their Spartan friends to get the Law

Of the three Wantons cancelled and withdrawn. And oft they asked us, but we yielded not.

Then followed instantly the clash of shields. Ye'llsay They should not; but what should they, then? Come now, had some Laconian, sailing out, Denounced and sold a small Seriphian¢ dog,

Would you have sat unmoved? Far, far from that ! Ye would have launched three hundred ships of war, And all the City had at once been full

Of shouting troops, of fuss with trierarchs,

Of paying wages, gilding Pallases,4

Of rations measured, roaring colonnades,

@ The famous mistress of Pericles. » The oxédov it resembles was by Timocreon of Rhodes: “ dperév a’, & ruphe Thobre, | wire yn pir’ év Oardooy | pwijr’ év

qreipw pavivat.. .

¢ Seriphus is a very small island, one of the Cyclades, due east from Sparta. The smallest injury to the smallest “island ”’ would have roused Athens to fury.

@ i.e. for figure-heads or the like.

53

| SHAT A XA

ARISTOPHANES

doKOv, TpoTwripwv, Kddovs wvovpevwv, okopddwy, ehadv, Kpopptewv ev dSuxtvots, oTepdvwv, Tpixldwy, avAnTpidwy, dmwariwv* TO, vewpiov 8” ad Kwiréwv trAaTovpevwr, TUAwy popovvtwr, Oarayidv tpoTroupéevw, avrA@v, KeAcevoT@v, viyAdpwv, ovpryparwr. Tair old’ dru dv edpare: tov dé THAedov ovK oldpecba; vods dp” juiv odK eve.

HM. A. GAnbes, @rirpimte Kal prapwrarte; Tavtl od ToAuds mrwyds Ov Has déyew, Kal ovkodavrTns el Tis wv, wveldioas;

HM. B. v7) TOV IlocedH, Kal A€yer y’ amep Aéyet dixava mavTa Koveev adradyv pevderar.

HM. A. €l7 ef Sixava, ToOTov ciety adr’ exphy; aAX’ od TL xaipwv Tatra ToAunoe Aéyeww.

HM. B. odTos ov 7rot Deis; od peveis; ws et Oevets Tov avdpa Todrov, adros apOyoe. taxa.

7\ / > > , > b HM. A. iw Adpay’, ® BrAerwv aorpamas, / > / re BorPnaov, & yopyoAdda, paveis, ia Adpay’, & pid’, d& dvdéra- elte Tis €oT. Taki- apxos, 7) oTpaTnydos, 7 Tetxoudxas avynp, BonOnoarw Tis avtoas. eyw yap éxopwat péaos.

* xal tradra éx Tydépovu: Schol. The speech ends, as it began, with a quotation, and its effect is to split the Chorus into two hostile sections.

54

555

565 .

570

Joie OIG ee GAC THE ACHARNIANS, 549-571

Of wineskins, oarloops, bargaining for casks, Of nets of onions, olives, garlic-heads, Of chaplets, pilchards, flute-girls, and black eyes. And all the arsenal had rung with noise Of oar-spars planed, pegs hammered, oar- loops fitted, Of boatswains’ calls, and flutes, and trills, and whistles. This had ye done ; and shall not Telephus,? Think we, do this ? we’ve got no brains at all. SEMICHORUS I. Aye, say you so, you rascally villain ou ? And this from you, a beggar? Dare you blame us Because, perchance, we've got etermners here? SEMICHORUS II. ‘Aye, by Poseidon, every word he says Is true and right ; he tells no lies at all. s.c.1. True or untrue, is he the man to say it ? T’llpay him out,though, for his insolent speech. s.c.u. Whitheraway? I pray youstay. If him you hurt, You'll find your own self hoisted up directly.? s.c.1. Lamachus! Help! with thy glances of light- ning ; Terrible-crested, appear in thy pride, Come, O Lamachus, tribesman and friend to us 5 Is there a stormer of cities beside ? Is there a captain? O come ye in haste, Help me, O help! Iam caught by the waist.

> A scuffle takes place in the orchestra, in which the leader of the first semichorus is worsted.

55.

ARISTOPHANES

AAMAXOS. 70ev Bojjs Kove" TroAcuaTnpias ;

Al.

mot xp7) BonBeiv ; Tot KvdoyLov eu Bader ; tis Dopyov" Cenvepey € ex TOO odyparos ; ® Ada’ ypws, trav Addwv Kal TOv AdxXov. 55

HM. A. @ Aduay’, od yap obtos avOpwros maAau

AA. Al.

Al.

AA.

dmacav Hudv thy moAw Kakoppobe?; odros od ToAWGs TTWYOS WV A€yew : TAOE; a Adpax’ pws, aAAa ovyyvepny Exe, el TTWXOS cov elmov Tt KdoTwpvAdpny . ti 8° elmas yds; ovK épeis; ovK odd m7w* 580 ¢ A ~ rg A ~ bid > ~ bo Tob d€ous yap Tav OrrAwy idvyyd. > a" 3 ~ > > / - \ / aan’ avriBorAd a”, améveyKé ov THv woppova, idov. / ¢ , 2. A > / mapabes vuv brtiav adrny Epol. Keira. fépe vuv amo TOD Kpdvous LoL TO TTEpPOV. Toutt mTiAov got. Ths Kepadjs viv pou AaBod, 585 >? , 7 ‘ \ / iv’ e€epeow: BdeAvTropat yap Tods Addovs. obtos, Ti Spdoeis; TH mriAw péeAdeis eweiv; mrirov ydp éoTw; «ime por, Tivos moTé dpvilds eorw; dpa KoutroAakvbov; oi ws TeOvy€er.

pndapas, & @ Adpaxe 590 ob yap Kat’ ioxvv eotw* €i O° loxupos él, Tip’ ovK areypwAnoas; evomdos yap ef. Tavtt A€yets ov TOV OTpaTHYOV TTWXOS WV;

-

@ Emblazoned on his shield. » «*L.. superciliously calls the huge ostrich feather ri\ov, a term used of the soft and downy plumage of the breast’; R.

56

THE ACHARNIANS, 572-593

tamacuus. Whence came the cry of battle to my ears ?

Where shall I charge ? where cast the battle- din ? Who roused the sleeping Gorgon? from its case ? O Lamachus hero, O those crests and cohorts ! O Lamachus, here has this fellow been With frothy words abusing all the State. You dare, you beggar, say such things as those ? O Lamachus hero, grant me pardon true If I, a beggar, spake or chattered aught. What said you? Hey? I can’t remember yet. I get so dizzy at the sight of arms. I pray you lay that terrible shield aside. There then. Now set it upside down before me. Tis done. Now give me from your crest that plume. Here ; take the feather.® Now then, hold my head, And let me vomit. I so loathe those crests. What! use my feather, rogue, to make you vomit ? A feather is it, Lamachus? Pray what bird Produced it ? Isit a Great Boastard’s plume? Death and Destruction ! No, no, Lamachus. That’s not for strength like yours. If strong you are Why don’t you circumcise me? You're well armed. What ! you, a beggar, beard the general so?

57

ARISTOPHANES

Al. €ya yap elu mTWxXds;

AA. aAAa Tis yap €t;

Al. doris; moditns xpnotds, od amovdapyxidns, 595 GAN &€ drov mep 0 méAEWos, oTpaTwridys, od 8’ e& drov mep 6 mdAcpos, probapyxidys.

AA. €xelpoTovycay yap be—

Al. KoKkuyes ye Tpels. Tabr ovv eya BdeAuTTopmevos eoTevoduny, Op@v troAwvs pev avdpas ev tats ta€eow, 600 veavias 8’ olovs od duadedpakdras Tovs prev ert Opdkns prolodopodvras pets

Spaxyds, Ticapevohawimmovs, Ilavoupyummapxidas: érépous dé mapa Xdpytt, tovs 8 ev Xadar | epyToleodapous, Avopevadatovas, 605 tovs 8° ev Kapapivy kav l'éAa xav Karayéda.

AA. exetpotovynoay yap.

Al. airvov de rt buds pev aet proBodopeiv aunyern,

Twvol dé pndev’ ; eredv, ® MapiAddn,

707 menpéoBeveas, ov molds wv evn; 610 dvéevevoe * Kaito. y° eoTi oadpayv Kapydarys.

ti Sat ApdxvdAdos KkEvdopidns 7 Ipwidns;

eidev Tis DUL@v TraxBdrav’ 7 Tovs Xadvas ;

ov pacw. adn’ 6 Kovovpas Kal Adpaxos,

ols ba épdvov TE Kal xXpe@v Tmpwonv OTE, 615

@ Silly, empty-headed fellows ; “ gowks.”

® The personal allusions in these names are obscure.

¢ The name is a mere pun on T'édg.

@ One of the Chorus; so too with the names in 612.

¢ dyn: the Scholiasts did not understand this, but one renders it “long ago”; no one has explained it satisfactorily.

58

LAM. DI.

THE ACHARNIANS, 594-615

A beggar am I, Lamachus ? What else ? An honest townsman, not an office-seekrian, Since war began, an active-service-seekrian, — But you're, since war began, a full-pay- seekrian. The people chose me— Aye, three cuckoo-birds.¢ That’s what I loathe ; that’s why I made my treaty, When grey-haired veterans in the ranks I saw, And boys like you, paltry malingering boys, Off, some to Thrace—their daily pay three drachmas— Phaenippuses, Hipparchidreprobatians,? And some with Chares, to Chaonia some, Geretotheodores, Diomirogues, and some To Camarina, Gela, and Grineela.¢ The people chose them— And how comes it, pray, That you are always in receipt of pay, And these are NEveR? Come, Marilades,@ You are old and grey ¢; when have you served as envoy? Never! Yet he’s a steady, active man. Well then, Euphorides, Prinides, Dracyllus, Have you Ecbatana or Chaonia seen ? Never! But Coesyra’s son’ and Lamachus, They have; to whom, for debts and calls ~ unpaid, 9

? ie. any young nobleman. en eee to the great family of the Alemaeonidae ; ef. C

9 In Dem. 821. 14 épdvous Nédourre (“ Fe fe left his sub- i ee unpaid ”’) is used to describe a rascal; and see

8.U.

59

AA. Al. AA.

Al.

ARISTOPHANES

@omep amdovimT pov exXeovres éoTrépas, dmavres efioTw Tapyjvouv of pido.

@ SnpoKxparia, TatTa fT avacyera;

od Oar" ; éav a pucbodoph ye Adpayos.

add’ obv eyw ev maou ITeAorrovynatous 620 det Tohepnjow, Kal Tapdgo TavTaxy,

Kat vavat kad meCotot, KaTa TO KapTEpOV.

eya dé KNpUTTW ye lleAorrovynatous

amact Kat Meyapetou Kal Boworious

mwr€v ayopdlew mpos ene, Aapdxyw dé 117). 625

av7ip viKG Totot Adyouow, Kal Tov SHpov peTa- meiBet ~ > > > / ~ mept TaV omovddv. GAN amodvvTes Tots avamaloTo.s emiwpev.

"EE od ye xopotow efeoTnkev TpvytKois 6 vodoKadAos pay,

ovmTw mapeBn mpos TO Oéarpov AdEwv ws deEvds €or:

dvaBaddopevos S° bad tev eyOpav ev ev *AOn-

vatous taxuBovrors, 630

Ws Kwpwde? THY TéAW Hudv Kal Tov Shpov KabvBpicer,

amoxpiveola. Sdetrar vuvi mpos *A@nvatous petaBovdous ;

dnow 8° elvar ody ayabdv dévos byiv 6 {MOUTHS

mavoas duds Eevixotor Adyous pa Alay e&- arratacbat,

2 The leader of the Chorus speaks as though the poet in person had ‘“‘ come forth ” (wapé8y) to deliver the Parabasis,

60

THE ACHARNIANS, 616-634

Their friends but now, like people throwing out

Their slops at eve, were crying “ Stand away!” LAM. O me! Democracy ! can this be borne ? pi. No, not if Lamachus receive no pay. LAM. But I with all the Peloponnesian folk

Will always fight, and vex them everyway,

By land, by sea, with all my might and main.

[Exit pi. And I to all the Pelopqnnesian folk, Megarians and Boeotians, give full leave To trade with me ; but not to Lamachus. [Ewit

pe rab ge | CHOR. The man has the best of the wordy debate, and the hearts of the people is winning To his plea for the truce. Now doff we our robes, our own anapaestics beginning.

Since first to exhibit his plays he began, our chorus-instructor has never Come forth ¢ to confess in this public address how tactful he is and how clever. But now that he knows he is slandered by foes before Athens so quick to assent, Pretending he jeers our City and sneers at the people with evil intent, He is ready and fain his cause to maintain before Athens so quick to repent. Let honour and praise be the guerdon, he says, of the poet whose satire has stayed you From believing the orators’ novel conceits wherewith they cajoled and betrayed you ;

which is the first that has come down to us “a Parabasis complete in all its seven parts”; see note on W. 1009. 61

ARISTOPHANES

pnd? 7Sec0ar Owrrevoprévovs und” elvat yavvoroAl-

Tas. / et ae > A “ / e , > mpotepov 8 buds amo tev mdéAewv ot mpéoBets &&- aTATWVTES a“ \ > / > SI > A ae 4 , mp@rtov ev Looreddvovs exdAovy* Kameid} TOOTS Tis €l7rol, 79\ \ AY / : Se Oe ~ /, ev0ds dia Tovs oTepdvous én” Akpwv TOV Tuydiwv exabnode. > / ¢€ lol ¢€ 4, \ , et O€ tis duds bro8wmetcas AiTapas Kadécevev > Aéjvas, A ~ a“ \ A , > / A evpeTo Trav av dia Tas Aurapds, addwv TYyshv TeEpt- dibas. ~ / ~ > ~ v wae Tatra moujoas moAA@v ayabdv airios buiy ye- yevnrat, ‘ \ / > a / / ¢ Kat Tovs Oyuous ev Tais méAcow Sei~as, cs Snpo- KpatovvTat. / ~ > ~ / A / c A > TovyapTo. viv ex TOV mdoAewv Tov dopov byiv am- ayovTes 7 > a > ~ A +! ‘ ” nfovow, dev éemiOupodvres Tov mounTiy TOV apt- oTov, Lid 4 > > a > > / ‘\ ’ Gotis mapexwdvvevo’ ecimetv ev "AOnvaiois ra 8i- Kala. M4 > > ~ ‘ ~ / ” / / ovtw 5° adrod mepi tis ToAuns 75n moppw KAé€os nKEL, , ote kai Baowreds, Aaxedaysoviwy thy mpecBelay Bacavilav, HpwoTnoEV TPATa ev avdTovs TOTEpoL Tals VavOl Kpa- Tovow * \ ~ A A / ” A elra 5€ todrov Tov ToinTiy moTepous €lmoL Kaka moAAa 4 \ ” A > / A , tovtous yap Edy Tovs avOpuzovs todd BeArious ye- yevijobat

62

635

645

THE ACHARNIANS, 635-650

Who bids you despise adulation and lies nor be citizens Vacant and Vain. For before, when an embassy came from the states intriguing your favour to gain, And called you the town of the vioLeT crown, so grand and exalted ye grew, That at once on your tiptails erect ye would sit, those crowns were so pleasant to you. And then, if they added the suiny, they got whatever they asked for their praises, Though apter, I ween, for an oily sardine than for you and your City the phrase is. By this he’s a true benefactor to you, and by showing with humour dramatic The way that our wise democratic allies are ruled by our State democratic. And therefore their people will come oversea, their tribute to bring to the City, Consumed with desire to behold and admire the poet so fearless and witty, Who dared in the presence of Athens to speak the thing that is rightful and true. And truly the fame of his prowess, by this, has been bruited the universe through, When the Sovereign of Persia, desiring to test what the end of our warfare will be, Inquired of the Spartan ambassadors, first, which nation is queen of the sea, And next, which the wonderful Poet has got, as its stern and unsparing adviser ; For those who are lashed by his satire, he said, must surely be better and wiser,

« The famous epithet applied to Athens by Pindar (Frag. 76), ai re Aurapal Kal loorépavor kal dotdipor “EXAddos éperoua, kNewal "Adadvat.

63

ARISTOPHANES

oS A : \ , a , kav T@ TrodAeuw Tord viKjoew, TodTov EvuBovdov exovras. dia Tad” jas AaxeSaydvior ri eiphvnv mpo- Kadobvrat, \ \ w > ~ \ ~ /, A kat THv Aiywav dmattobow: Kal THs vijcou pev exeivns > , > > x aes fol ‘ 4 > od dpovrilovo’, add” iva tobrov Tov momri ad- éAwvrat. > oC a la +> apy? ¢ /, A aaAA vpcts ToL un TOT abHO’: ds kwpmdjoer Ta dikava* 655 dnow 8 dyads modda diddéew ayd’, wor’ eddat- feovas elva, > 7, 4)? ¢e / , 29> > od Owretwr, o8 trorelvwv pucbods, od8’ eéar- atuArAwv, ovde mavoupySv, ovdé kardpdwv, ddAd ra BéATLoTa diddoKwv.

~ ‘ mpos tadra Kiéwy Kai madapdobw ~ >

Kat Trav én’ uot texrawécbw. 660 TO yap «0 wet euod Kal TO dSixatov

7, ” ? / > ¢ ~ Evppaxov Eotar, Kod py 700” GArA@ Tept THY mOAW Ov WomTep eKeivos dewAds Kal Aakaranvywr.

Sdedpo Modo’ eAbe dreyupd, wupos éxovca pévos, ev- tovos, “Ayapvikn. 665 olov e€ dvOpdxwv mpwiver déados aviAar’, épebe- Copevos odpia puTide, © FFD 4 A > / > , nik’ av émavOpakides Bow tapakelpwevar, 670

* Aegina had become tributary to Athens about 455 p.c. ; its autonomy was demanded by Sparta at the outset of the

64

THE ACHARNIANS, 651-670

And they'll in the war be the stronger by far, enjoying his counsel and skill. And therefore the Spartans approach you to-day with proffers of Peace and Goodwill, Just asking indeed that Aegina ¢ ye cede ; and nought do they care for the isle, But you of the Poet who serves you so well they fain would despoil and beguile. But be you on your guard nor surrender the bard ; for his Art shall be righteous and true. Rare blessings and great will he work for the State, rare happiness shower upon you 3 Not fawning, or bribing, or striving to cheat with an empty unprincipled jest ; Not seeking your favour to curry or nurse, but teaching the things that are best.

AND THEREFORE I say to the people to-day,

Let Cleon the worst of his villainies try,

His anger I fear not, his threats I defy !

For Honour and Right beside me will fight, And never shall I

In ought that relates to the city be found

Such a craven as he, such a profligate hound, pe 2 7

O Muss, fiery-flashing, with temper of flame, energetic, Acharnian, come to my gaze, Like the wild spark that leaps from the evergreen oak, when its red-glowing charcoal is fanned to a blaze, And the small fish are lying all in order for the

frying ;

war, 431 B.c., but the Athenians at once expelled all the in- habitants and colonized it (Thue. ii. 27), Aristophanes may have been of Aeginetan origin ; see Rogers’ Introd p. ix.

VOL. I F 65

ARISTOPHANES

¢ \ / > ~ / ot 5€ @aciav avaxvkGor AvrapdprvKa, of S¢ Bartwow, ottw coBapov €dOE pédAos evTovov aypouKoTovov,

ws ee AaBotoa tov Sypdorny.

¢ /, e A / ~ / of yépovtes of maAaol peuddopecda TH moAct. +) \ ff > / @ > , od yap agiws éxeivwy dv evavpayjnoapev ynpoBooxovpeo? bf’ budv, GdAda Sewa maoxoper. @ , * > / > ‘ olrwes yépovras avopas éuBadrdvres és ypahas dO veavioxwy eGte KatayeAdoba pytdopwr,

>

ovdev dvras, GAAa Kwdhods Kal mapeEnvAnpevous, ofs Ilocedadv aoddreds eotw 1 Baxrypia: / \ / ~ U ,

rovOoptlovres dé yipa TO ALOw mpocéoraper,

> <a 29 \ > A ~ / \ b] 4 obx Opavres oddev et pur) THS Sixns THY HAv’ynY.

e \ / ¢ ~ /, aA 6 5€ veavias, éavT@ omovddoas Evvyyopeiv,

> / / / / a Lae és taxos male. Evvattwv oTpoyyvAots Tots pHyact*

ee > /, > a / Aue. = ‘ > ~ KGT dveAktcas €pwrd, cxavddAnOp’ taras erav,

” \ / \ 4, ‘ “~ dvipa Tiwvdv orapattwy Kal TAapaTTwY Kal KUK@V,

@ Oacla, sc. &dun, is a sort of pickle, and perhaps the Pindaric epithet \vrapduv«a (“* with shining frontlet’’) refers to the gleam of the fish as they are dipped in it.

» The Scholiast explains as = 7@ Bhuari (ef. P. 690), “* the orator’s stand’; but Rogers thinks there ‘“‘ would be in every dicastery a sort of stone altar on which the witnesses and others took their oaths.”

¢ i.e, the fog in which it had become enveloped,

66

675

680

688

THE ACHARNIANS, 671-688

And some are mixing Thasian, richly dight, shiny- bright, And some dip the small fish therein ; Come, fiery-flashing Maid, to thy fellow-burgher’s aid, With exactly such a song, so glowing and so strong, To our old rustic melodies akin,

WE the veterans blame the City. Is it meet and right that we, Who of old, in manhood’s vigour, fought your battles on the sea, Should in age be left untended, yea exposed to shame and ill? Is it right to let the youngsters air their pert forensic skill, Grappling us with writs and warrants, holding up our age to scorn? We who now have lost our music, feeble nothings, dull, forlorn, We whose only “ Safe Poseidon ” is the staff we lean upon, There we stand, decayed and muttering, hard beside the Court-house Stone,® Nought discerning all around us save the darkness of our case.¢ Comes the youngster, who has compassed for himself the accuser’s place, Slings his tight and nipping phrases, | tackling us with legal scraps, Pulls us up and cross-examines, setting little verbal traps, Rends and rattles old Tithonus till the man is dazed and blind ;

67

ARISTOPHANES

6 8 in6 yipws paorapvler, Kar’ dbAdv amépxeran* efra AvLler kal Saxpter, Kal Aéyer mpds Tods Pidrous, 690 od m’ exphv copov mpiacba, robr’ dbAdy amrépxopat.

rabra mds eixdta, yépovt’ aroAdcat, modo avdpa, mept KArAebddpav,

TOAAG 81) Evpirovijcavra, Kal Deppov drropopEdpevov > \ ¢ a \ A v4 avdpikov tSp@ra 87) Kat moAvv,

dvSp’ ayabcv dvta Mapabdvi rept tiv modw;

> a A ¢ 3 > > 4

eira Mapabau pev 67’ jer, edu@kopev*

vov § bn’ avdpav movnpdv ofddpa Suxdpc0a, KaTa mpocadioKopeba. 701

mpos Tdde Ti avTeper Mapipias;

TO yap «ixds avdpa Kuddv, HAiKov Oov«vdidyy eEoréo0ar cvupmAakévra TH Ukvldv epypia,

tad. TH Kydroodiyjpw, TO AdAw Evvynyopw; 705 ar eyd pwev HAenoa KarrepopEdunv tsav

dvSpa mpecBirnv tn’ avdpos tofdrov KuKwevor,

ds pa tiv Arinrp’, exeivos Hvir’ jv Oov«vdidys,

@ Here in the sense of ‘* prosecutors.”

» girdveckos Kal prvapos Kal OopvBHdns phrwp : Schol.

¢ An aristocratic leader, the rival of Pericles, ostracized 4448.c. Cephisodemus and Evathlus (710) were two of his accusers; the former probably ‘‘ had some Scythian blood in his veins,” and “a Scythian wilderness”? seems to stand for something barbarous, inhuman; ¢f. Aesch. P.V. 2 Zxvdnv és oluwov, &Barov els épnulay.

68

THE ACHARNIANS, 689-708

Till with toothless gums he mumbles, then departs condemned and fined ; Sobbing, weeping, as he passes, to his friends he murmurs low, All P've saved to buy a coffin now to pay the fine must go.

How can it be seemly a grey-headed man by the Water-clock’s stream to decoy and to slay, Who of old, young and bold, laboured hard for the State, who would wipe off his sweat and return to the fray ? At Marathon arrayed, to the battle-shock we ran, And our mettle we displayed, foot to foot, man to man, And our name and our fame shall not die. Aye in youth we were Pursuers on the Marathonian plain, But in age Pursuers * vex us, and our best defence is vain.

To this what can Marpsias ® reply ?

Ou, Tuucyp1pDEs ¢ to witness, bowed with age, in sore distress, Feebly struggling in the clutches of that Seythian wilderness Fluent glib Cephisodemus,— Oh the sorrowful display ! I myself was moved with pity, yea and wiped a tear away, Grieved at heart the gallant veteran by an archer mauled to view ; Him who, were he, by Demeter, that Thucydides we knew,

69

ARISTOPHANES

9939 =4N 7 yh \ > / ¢ / P20 00d’ av adbriy tiv ’Axaiay padiws hvéoxero, > A / / 7 4N Lal be adda Katemddace wev y’ av mpatov KiabAovs d€Ka, 710 / > ”“ \ , KateBoynoe 5° av Kexpayws to€dTas Tpio- xXiovs, / PK b] “ ~ ‘ ‘ mepieToEevoev 5° dv adtod Tod matpos Tovs évyyeveis. > > >? \ \ / > AQ? M4 GAN’ ézevd7) Tods yéepovtas odK €al” dmvov TUXELD, / A > A / bid “ ympioacbe xwpis elvar Tas ypads, OTws av H TO yépovTe pev yepov Kal vwdos 6 6 Evvijyopos, 715 Tois véotot 5° evp¥tpwxtos Kal Addos xw

KAewiov. > 4 A \ / a“ F Ka€cAavvew xp) TO Aowrdv, Kav ddyn Tis, Cnproby

TOV yepovTa T@ yepovrt, Tov veov S€ TH vew. ¢ \ > a > a => 2 aA Al. Opot pev ayopads eiow olde THs Euts. evtad?” ayopal fot led ( 720 yopalew maar IleAomovynaious efeort Kal Meyapedou kal Bo.wrtious ep’ re mwAety mpos eMe, Aapdxye dé py. dyopavdpous d€ THs ayopas Kkabiorapat Tpeis tos AaydvTas Toved’ iwdavras. €K Aempav. > A / / pe evrai0a pyre ovKopdavTns etaitw 125

* i.e. Demeter. Plutarch and Hesychius derive the title Axala from ax, sorrows, but though this is doubtful, “ it may perhaps explain the epithet given in the translation”: R.

e Evathlus was a ugnacious orator whose name suggests that he was “ a good fighter.”

¢ Alcibiades.

4 Jn this new scene what was the Puyx somehow becomes the market-place of Dicaeopolis.

70

THE ACHARNIANS, 709-725

Would have stood no airs or nonsense from the Goddess Travel-sore,* Would have thrown, the mighty wrestler, ten Evathluses 8 or more, Shouted down three thousand archers with his accents of command, Shot his own accuser’s kinsmen in their Scythian fatherland. Nay, but if ye will not leave us to our hardly earned repose, Sort the writs, divide the actions, separating these from those ; Who assails the old and toothless ; should be old and toothless too ; For a youngster, wantons, gabblers, Cleinias’ son ¢ the trick may do. So for future fines and exiles, fair and square the balance hold, | Let the youngster sue the youngster, | and the old man sue the old. |

DI. These are the boundaries of my market-

place ; 4

And here may all the Peloponnesian folk,

Megarians and Boeotians, freely trade

Selling to me, but Lamachus may not.

And these three thongs, of Leprous make, I set

As market-clerks,* elected by the lot.

Within these bounds may no informer come,

¢ Officers who kept order in the market; cf. 824, 968. The allusion in é« Aerpdv is obscure. Some read derpéav (se. Bodv) and quote the Scholiast ra r&v Aempav Body dépuara

loxupa. 71

ARISTOPHANES

’ dest | ” a / > > > / pnt ddXos doris Dacvavds €or’ avip. > ‘ \ \ / >. a > / eya 5é THY oTHAnv Kal” Hv éoTrercdpnv pérey, , Wa oTjow dhavepayv ev Tayopa.

METAPETS. dyopa 'v A@avais yaipe, Meyapedow ida. > / \ A / A / erd0ovv tv vai tov Didvov Grep paréepa. 730 GAN’, & movnpa Kwpry’ abdov matpos, + \ / w > a / auPare moTTav paddav, at x evpyTé 74. dxovere 54, motéxer’ eulv Tay yaorTepa’ moTepa mempaabar yp7jdder’, ) TEWhy KaK@s ; KOPA. mempado0ar wempdcba. 735 ME. eywrya KatTos day. tis 8° ovTws avous ds tue Ka mpiarto, davepay Capiav; GAN gore ydp pot Meyapixd tis payava. xXolpovs yap tue oxevdoas pac dépew. / / \ c \ ~ / mepilecbe Taode Tas OTAds THY yxowpiwv. 740 Ld \ a> Ss > > ~ 8 Omws d€ So€eir’ Huev €€ ayalas dos: ¢ \ \ ¢ ~ ” ¢ a_? ” ws val tov “Epuayv, atmep tketr’ olkadis ampata, meipacetobe Tas Awad Kakds. > > > / \ \ A ¢ , GAN’ apdibecbe Kai radi Ta puyxia, ” > A / #@Q9 > / KnTeiTev €s TOV GdKKov @d éaPaiveTe. 745 omws Sé ypudAeire Kai Kol€ere xhocire Pwvav yxowpiwy pvoTnpiKOv. ? \ A ~ / 7 eyav d€ Kapv€® AtxaidroAw omg. Atxad7roAr, 4 Ans mpiacbar yxoupia; / > Al. ti avnp Meyapuxds;

@ Lit. “from the river Phasis’’ in Colchis, but here the word is taken as derived from ¢do1s=‘‘ an information,” cf. pavd 827.

> Treaties were regularly inscribed on orf\a.

¢ Exit Dicaeopolis and a half-starved Megarian enters, followed by two little girls whom he bids “* mount” (ef. éuBare) the stage from the side-scenes.

72

THE ACHARNIANS, 726-750

Or any other syco-Phasian ? man. But I'll go fetch the Treaty-Pillar ® here, And set it up in some conspicuous place.®

MEGARIAN. Guid day, Athanian market, Megara’s

GIRLS. MEG.

DI.

luve ! By Frien’ly Zeus, I’ve miss’t ye like my mither. But ye, puir bairnies o’ a waefu’ father, Speel up, ye’ll aiblins fin’ a barley-bannock. Now listen, bairns; atten’ wi’ a’ yere— painch ; 4 Whilk wad ye liefer, to be sellt or clemmed ? Liefer be sellt !_ Liefer be sellt ! An’ sae say I mysel’! But wha sae doited As to gie aught for you, a sicker skaith ? Aweel, I ken a pawkie Megara-trick,? I’se busk ye up, an’ say I’m bringin’ piggies. Here, slip these wee bit clooties on yere nieves, An’ shaw yeresells a decent grumphie’s weans. For gin’ I tak’ ye hame unsellt, by Hairmes Ye'll thole the warst extremities 0’ clemmin’. Ne’est, pit thir lang pig-snowties owre yere nebs, An’ stech yere bodies in this sackie. - Sae. An’ min’ ye grunt an’ grane an’ g-r-r awa’, An’ mak’ the skirls 0’ little Mystery piggies Mysel’ will ca’ for Dicaeopolis. Hae! Dicaeopolis ! Are ye for buyin’ onie pigs the day ? How now, Megarian ?

4 rv vodv was expected for ri ydorepa. W's Megarians claimed to be the inventors of Comedy 3 a OLE

* Sucking-pigs sacrificed to Demeter before initiation ; of. P. 374, 375.

73

ME. Al. ME. Al.

ME.

Al. ME. Al. ME. Al. ME. Al. ME.

Al. ME. Al. ME.

Al. ME. Al.

ARISTOPHANES

ayopdoovtes tkopes. 150 ~ ” m@s €xeTE; Stamrewapes del OTTO Top. > > ¢ / A \ > n”“ > A fad GAN 480 Tor v7) Tov Av’, Hv adrAds Tap. , > »* 4 > c aA ~ ti 8° G\Ao mpatrel” of Meyapets viv; ota 87. cA A 1 A ~ , / oKa pev eyw THvObev eurropevdpar, + / nm > ” ~ / avdpes mpoBovAoc tobr’ Empaccov Ta ToAEL, 755 Omws TaYLoTAa Kal KdKLOT dzroAocipcBa. > ot: F v4 9 > / / atrix dp’ amadAdécobe mpaypdatwvr. od pav; ti 5 dAdo Meyapot; mas 6 otros wr.os; map dpe modvtipatos Gmep Tot Oeot. dAas obv dépeis; ody dues adTa@v GpxXeTe; 760 ovde oKdpoda; a ~ ras Tota oKopod ; vues THY del, Qo > 5 / A > a / oKK eaBdadnre, TwS apwpato pes, macoak. Tas ayAas eEopvacere. ti Sat dépes ; xolpous eywvya pwvoruKds. ~ , > / KaA@s Aéyes* emiderEov. GAAa pav Kadai. 765 ” > a c ~ A 7 avrewov, at Afjs: ws maxeia Kal Kadd.. TouTL Ti Hv TO mpaypya; xotpos vat Aia. , / 4 \ ~ ov ti r€yers GV; mrodam) yoipos HOE;

@ Lit. “ We have starving-bouts by the fire.” But Dic. is supposed to hear diarivouer, “ have drinking-bouts.” “‘In the translation the Megarian uses ‘ greeting’ in the Scotch sense of weeping; the Athenian understands it in the sense of exchanging greetings’: R.

74

MEG. DI. MEG. DI.

MEG.

DI. MEG. DI.

MEG.

DI. MEG. DI. MEG.

DI. MEG. DI. MEG.

DI. MEG. DI.

THE ACHARNIANS, 750-768

Come to niffer, guidman, How fare ye all ? A’ greetin’ by the fire.* And very jolly too if there’s a piper. What do your people do besides ? Sae sae. For when I cam’ frae Megara toun the morn, Our Lairds o’ Council were in gran’ debate How we might quickliest perish, but an’ ben. So ye'll lose all your troubles. What for no? What else at Megara? What’s the price of wheat ? Och! high eneugh: high as the Gudes, an’ higher.® Got any salt ? Ye’re maisters o’ our saut.° Or garlic? » Garlic, quotha! when yeresells, Makin’ yere raids like onie swarm o’ mice, Howkit up a’ the rooties wi’ a stak’, What have you got then? Mystery piggies, I. That’s good ; let’s see them. Hae! They’re bonnie piggies. Lift it, an’t please you; ‘tis sae sleek an’ bonnie. What on earth’s this ? A piggie that, by Zeus. A pig! What sort of pig ?

® aodurivaros=(1) “ much-honoured,” ¢f. 807; or (2) high-

priced.”

¢ Their salt-works were at Nisaea; but the Athenians in 427 nic. had seized Minoa, the island or promontory which commands it (Thue. iii. 51).

75

ME.

Al. ME.

Al. ME.

Al.

ME.

KO.

ME.

Al.

ME.

Al.

ME.

Al. ME.

ARISTOPHANES

/ Meyapixd. ” > "ae 4 > > VANS) Y ? H od xoipds €o8’ ad’; odvK Eovye paiverar. > / a ~ \ > / od Sewd; Oaobe Totde Tas amuoTias: 770 wy / a s > A / ov pati tavde xotpov Type. aAAa pay, at Aijs,, mrepibov jou mepl Oupnrdav dAcv, at pn, *oTw ovTos yxotpos ‘EAAdvwv vomw. aA’ ear avOpdrov ye. \ \ / vat tov AvoxAéa, > 4 \ / ow / lal ed ya. Tv d€ vw elwevar Tivos SoKeis; 775 7 Afjis axotoa Pbeyyouevas; vy Ttovs Jeods éywrye. 4 \ A , / diver 57 TH Taxéws, xorpiov. ov xphoba; ovyds, a) KaKLOT arroAoupeva ; mddw TU amTolo@ vat TOV “Eppay oiKadis. Kot, Kol. 780 avra ott yxoipos; vov ye xotpos paiverat. > Xs > , ¥ ” / , 2 atrap extpagels ye Kvobos EoTtar TévT eTav. odd’ tof, morrav parép’ cikacOnoera. > > OA / / > ¢ / adn’ o8dé Odousds eoTw adrnyl. od pdav; ~ > ERA] "4 / > 7d 5 odxt Ovounds €or; KépKov ovK EXEL. 785 véa ydp eotw: adAda deAdaxovpeva efei preydAav Te Kal maxelav KhpvOpav.

« “ The next twenty-six lines are largely occupied with a play on the double meaning of xotpos, (1) a pig, and (2) 7d j Yuyauketow aldotov, doubtless portrayed on the

odKkos ”’

> ie. flavoured with thyme.

76

MEG.

DI. MEG.

DI. MEG.

DI. MEG. GIRLS, MEG. a MEG.

DI. MEG.

DI. MEG.

THE ACHARNIANS, 768-787

A Megara piggie. What ! no a piggie that ? ¢ It doesn’t seem so. "Tis awfu’! Och the disbelievin’ carle ! Uphaudin’ she’s na piggie! Will ye wad, My cantie frien’, a pinch o’ thymy ® saut She’s no a piggie in the Hellanian use ¢ ? A human being’s— Weel, by Diocles, She’s mine; wha’s piggie did ye think she was ? Mon? wad ye hear them skirlin’ ? By the Powers, I would indeed. Now piggies, skirl awa’. Ye winna? winna skirl, ye graceless hizzies ? By Hairmes then I’se tak’ ye hame again. Wee! wee! wee! This no a piggie ? Faith, it seems so now, But ‘twont remain so for five years I’m think- ing. Trowth, tak’ my word for’t, she’ll be like her mither. But she’s no good for offerings. What for no ? What for nae guid for. offerins ? She’s no tail.¢ Aweel, the puir wee thing, she’s owre young et. But ahah she’s auld, she’ll have a gaweie tail.

® 7.¢. in the Hellenic tongue. # Therefore not ‘‘ without blemish’? and so unfit for sacrifice,

17

ARISTOPHANES

dX’ at Tpdpev Ajjs, ade Tou Xotpos KaAd. Al. ws Svyyev7)s 6 Ktobos avrijs Oarépa. ME. Opoparpia yap ort KHK TWUTO Tarpos. 790 ai 8° av mayvv0A Kavaxvovav0A rprxi, KdAMoTos €arat xotpos *“Adpodita Ovew. > > 2% A > / bs Al. GAN’ odxt yoipos Tappoditn Overar. > aA > , / , ME. ov yotpos "Adpodita; pdva ya Saymovwr. ~ a nw ‘ Kal ylyverat ya Tavde Tay Yolpwv TO KPHS 795 aovoTov av Tov ddeAdv dytreTrappevor. ~ : Al. 70n 8° avev tis pnTtpos éobiovey dv; ME. val tov Ilore.dd, Kav avev ya T@ tarpes. at. ti 8 éofiew ppadiora;

ME. Tav? & Ka dwda@s. avros 8° épwrn.

Al. xotpe yxoipe. KO. A. Kot, Kol. 800 Al. Tpwyows dv é€pePivOous;

: : sh oh oh ’ KO. A. Kol, Kol, Kol. al, ti dai; DiBdAews ioyddas; KO. A. Kol, KOl.

/ ‘ 4, A »”

Al. Ti dal ov; Tpwyols av; KO. B. Kol, KOl, KOl.

¢e 9¢\ \ A > / / Al. Ws o€0 mpos Tas taxddas KeKpayare.

éveyKatw tis evdo0ev Tdv ioyddwyv

a / > / ,

Tots youpioiowow. dpa tpwkovrat; BaPat,

a € , > » t .¢ ’

olov pobidlovo’, @ moAvtipn® ‘HpddAets.

mwodaTa Ta xoupt’; ws Tpayacata paiverat. ME. GA\’ ovTt mdoas KaTéTpayov Tas icxddas,

ey yap adr@v tdvde piay avetAduav. 810

@ Phibalis was a low-lying district of Megara bordering on Attica. » Tpayacaia with a play on rpayeiv, to eat; Tragassae was

78

THE ACHARNIANS, 788-810

But wad ye rear them, here’s a bonnie piggie !

DI. Why she’s the staring image of the other.

mec. ‘They’re o’ ane father an’ ane mither, baith. But bide a wee, an’ when she’s fat an’ curlie She'll be an offerin’ gran’ for Aphrodite.

DI. A pig’s no sacrifice for Aphrodite.

mEG. What, no for Her! Mon, for hirsel’ the lane. Why there’s nae flesh sae tastie as the flesh O’ thae sma piggies, roastit on a spit.

DI. But can they feed without their mother yet ?

mec. Poteidan, yes! withouten father too.

DI. What will they eat most freely ?

MEG. Aught ye gie them. But spier yoursel’.

DI. Hey, piggy, piggy !

FIRST GIRL. ee!

DI. Do you like pease, you piggy ?

FIRST GIRL. Wee, wee, wee!

DI. What, and Phibalean @ figs as well ?

FIRST GIRL. Wee, wee!

pI. What, and you other piggy ?

SECOND GIRL. Wee, wee, wee!

DI. Eh, but ye’re squealing bravely for the figs. Bring out some figs here, one of you within, For these small piggies. Will they eat them ? Yah ! Worshipful Heracles ! how they are gobbling now. Whence come the pigs? They seem to me Aetallian.? mec. Na, na; they haena eaten a’ thae figs. See here ; here’s ane I pickit up mysel’.

a small town near Troy, ‘“‘ Eat-all-ians’ in the translation is intended to recall Aetolians”’: R. 79

Al.

ME.

Al. ME,

ARISTOPHANES

\ \ > > , \ 7 vn tov Av’ aoreiw ye te Booxnuare* maou mpiwual cou Ta xoupidia; Aé€ye. TO [Lev ATEpov TOUTWY, BKOpddwY TpoTTAAAiSoS, > onl ~ TO 8° atepov, ai Affs, xoiviKos pdvas dAdv. > “a Qvicopat cou mepiev’ avrod. ~ /, Tatra dy. 815 “Eppa *urrodate, trav yuvaika trav enor > ~ ovTw p. amodéc0a Tay 7° euavTd parépa.

SYKOPANTHS. WvOpwre, modamo0s;

ME. =r.

ME. =f.

ME. AI.

=Y.

Al.

ME.

Al.

ME.

Al.

ME.

80

/ , xotporw@Aas Meyapixds. Ta xolpidua Tolwuv éyw hava radi ToA€uia Kal oé. ~ > > a3 7 / Toor éxelv’, tke maAWw 820 a > \ nn ~ ca wv Olevrrep apxya THv KaKdv apiv edu. / a > > la \ /, KAdwy Meyapiets. otk adjoeis Tov odKov; Atkavd7roAe AuxatdrroA, davralopar. brood; tis 6 daivwyo eoriv; “Ayopavdpor, \ / > 4, > 9 , Tovs ovkoddvras ot Bupa’ e&cipere; 825 \ \ / wv / Tin palav paivers avev OpvaddXidos; od yap pav® Tovs modepious; KAdwv ye ov, > 5 eke / / / ei p71) ‘Tépwoe ovKopavTyocis Tpexwv. olov 70 Kakov ev Tats "A@dvais tobr’ er. Oapper, Meyapix’: add’ ais Ta youpidu’ amédov 830 Tyuns, AaBe TavTi Ta GKdpoda Kal Tods dAas, a > Kal xatpe moAd’. GAN’ duly od émtixdpiov. : > ToAuTpaypocvvn vuv és Kedhadjnv tpémour epol. > / a a” n~ \ ® xowpidia, wephobe kavev TO marpos . / 24? it \ Ado ” / 8100 835 matew ep ari trav padday, ai Kd tig bide.

DI.

MEG.

DI.

MEG.

THE ACHARNIANS, 811-835

Upon my word, they are jolly little beasts. What shall I give you for the pair ? let’s hear. Gie me for ane a tie 0’ garlic, will ye, An’ for the tither half a peck o’ saut. I'll buy them : stay you here awhile.

Aye, aye. Traffickin’ Hairmes, wad that I could swap Baith wife an’ mither on sic terms as thae.

INFORMER. Man! who are you ?

MEG,

INF.

MEG.

INF.

MEG.

DI.

INF. DI.

MEG.

DI.

MEG.

DI.

MEG.

Ane Megara piggie-seller. Then I’lldenounce your goods and you yourself As enemies ! Hech, here it comes again, The vera primal source of a’ our wae. You'll Megarize to your cost. Let go the sack. Dicaeopolis! Dicaeopolis! Here’s a chiel Denouncin’ me. (Re-entering) Where is he? Market-clerks, Why don’t you keep these sycophants away ? What ! show him up without a lantern-wick ? ¢ Not show our enemies up ? You had better not. Get out, and do your showing other-where. The pest thae birkies are in Athans toun ! Well never mind, Megarian, take the things, Garlic and salt, for which you sold the pigs. Fare well ! That’s na our way in Megara toun.® Then on my head the officious wish return ! O piggies, try withouten father now To eat wi’ saut yere bannock, an’ ye git ane.

* There is a play on the double meaning of gaivw, (1) si give light,” (2) ‘“* lay an information.” i.€. we always “ fare ill.”

VOL. I G 8]

ARISTOPHANES

2 e173, Se, ° ” , xO. eviaovel y’ dvOpwros. otk iKovoas of mpo- Baiver ‘ a a , / TO T7payua Tod BovAevparos; KapmwoeTaL A e*25 5 ae arp ev Tayopa Kabyjpevos: Kav eiain tis Krnotas, an / + > ) avKoddvtTns aAdos, oi- 840 palov Kabledeirat: 080’ dddos avOpadmwv tropwradv oe mnuavel Te’ > 00d’ eLoudpferat I pémis rv edputpwrriav aot, 08d” dori? KNewvtpw* xAaivav 8° éxwv havi dieu 845 > 4 ey / Kod Evytvxyav o° ‘YaépBodos duk@v avarAjoer: a , ov’ evruxwv ev Tayopa mpdcetat cor Badilev x a > / \ lol / Kparivos dTOKEKOpHEVOS MOLXOY [LG paxalpa., 6 mepundvnpos *Apréuwr, 6 Taxvs dyay THY povoLKhy, dlwv Kaxov TOV pacxyaAav matpos Tpayacatov: > < odd adl&is ad ce oxwyerar Ilatowv 6 Tap.ToVvnpos, ~ ” 4 Avoiotparés 7’ ev rayopa, XoAapyéewyv ovedos, 855

® xaramvyév : Schol. » See Index.

* Not the great Cr., but some young dandy, whose hair was “trimmed adulterer-wise ’’ with a razor (ug wu. as opposed to “ double-bladed scissors); see R. But L. & S. (s.v. woexéds) explain xelpeoOar potxor p. wu. as a punishment for adultery.

@ Artemon was an engineer employed by Pericles in sieges. Being lame, he had to be carried to.the works in a litter, and so was nicknamed 6 rrepiddpyros, which mepuréynpos recalls, But the phrase Ilepupéspyros "Apréuwy was also a proverbial saying derived fromanearlier Artemon, satirized by Anacreon

82

ue ACHARNIANS, 836-855 —

At A happy lot the man has got:

his scheme devised with wondrous art Proceeds and prospers as you see ; and now he'll sit in his private Mart The fruit of his bold design to reap. And O if a Ctesias come this way, Or other informers vex us, they Will soon for their trespass weep.

No sneak shall grieve you buying first the fish you wanted to possess, No Prepis ¢ on your dainty robes wipe off his utter loathsomeness. You'll no Cleonymus jostle there ; But all unsoiled through the Mart you'll go, And no Hyperbolus ® work you woe With writs enough and to spare.

Never within these bounds shall walk the little fop we all despise, The young Cratinus ¢ neatly shorn with single razor wanton-wise, That Artemon-engineer of ill,4 Whose father sprang from an old he-goat,¢ And father and son, as ye all may note, Are rank with its fragrance still.

No Pauson,f scurvy knave, shall here insult you in the market-place, No vile Lysistratus, to all Cholargian folk a dire disgrace, as a rascal (réynpos) who, having become wealthy, was noted for his luxury and never moved except on a litter; see Plut. Pericles, ch. 27. For'Tpayacalov see 808; here the name is only introduced to suggest rpd-yos ‘‘ a he-goat.”’ 4 A starveling painter and caricaturist.

83

ARISTOPHANES

6 tTepiadoupyos Tots Kakots, piyOv te Kal mewdv del aActv 7) TpidKovl” Auépas Tod pnvos éExdoTov.

BoINTOS. ittw ‘HpakdAfjs, €xapov yarav TUAav KaK@s. 860

Al.

BOI.

Al.

BOI,

Al.

/ \ \ / Pw / > / KatdQov Tv tav yAdxav’ arpeuas, “loprveye: dues 8’, door OciBaley addrAynrat wdpa,

Tots doTivois duaeire TOV TPWKTOV KUVOS. mad és Kdpakas. ot odfKkes ovK amd TaV bupav ; / , > ¢ 7” > 7, : m700ev mpocertavl’ of KaK@s amroAovpevor 865 > \ \ 7 aA , emt THY Ovpay por Xaipideis BopPavAror; vel tov *loAaov, émuyapittws y’, @ Eves OciBabe yap dvodvres eEdmiob€é pov TavOera Tas yAdywvos anéxi€ay yapat. GAN’ «i te BovAc, mpiaco, THv eyw dépw, 870 T&v optarixwy, 7) Tv TeTpamTepvaAdiowy. > a / , ® xaipe, KoAdAukoddye Bow ridiov. Ti héepeis; 7: > > A > \ a c ~ 60° éortlv ayaba Bow rots adds, dplyavov, yAaxw, yudbws, Opvaddidas, vdcoas, KoAows, arrayads, dadapidas, 875 TpoxiAws, KoAvuBws. WoTrepel xeyua@y apa > / > \ 3 \ > / opvilias eis THY ayopav éAndvoas.

4 garlvos, sc. addois, the pipes being made of bone. Many suppose rdv 7. xvvés to describe the tune they are to strike up, but R. thinks that they play a sort of bagpipes |

made of dog-skin, so that 7. xuvés may be taken literally. » See Index, s.v. Chaeris. * épradixwv = ddexrpvévwv in the Boeotian dialect : Schol.

84

’

mt ae

a

THE ACHARNIANS, 856-877

That deep-dyed sinner, that low buffoon, Who always shivers and hungers sore - Full thirty days, or it may be more,

In every course of the moon. Oy,

poroTiAN. Hech sirs, my shouther’s sair, wat Heracles!

DI.

BOE.

DI.

BOE.

DI.

Ismeny lad, pit doon thae pennyroyal Wi’ tentie care. Pipers wha cam’ frae Thaibes Blaw oop the auld tyke’s hurdies wi’ the banes.@ Hang you! shut up! Off from my doors, you wasps ! Whence flew these curst Chaeridian ° bumble- drones Here, to my door? Get to the ravens! Hence ! An’ recht ye are, by Iolaus, stranger. They’ve blawn behint me a’ the wa’ frae Thaibes, An’ danged the blossom aff my pennyroyal. But buy, an’t please you, onie thing I’ve got, Some o’ thae cleckin’® or thae four-winged gear.@ O welcome, dear Boeotian muffin-eater, What have you there? A’ that Boeoty gies us. Mats, dittany, pennyroyal, lantern-wicks, An’ dooks, an’ kaes, an’ francolins, an’ coots, Plivers an’ divers. Eh? Why then, methinks, You've brought fowl weather to my market- place.

4 rerpamrepvNldwy is a surprise for rerparddwv.

85

ARISTOPHANES

BOI. Kat pav dépw xavas, Aayws, adAdmexas, oxddotras, éxivws, aicAovpws, mucridas, ixridas, evdpias, éyyéAers Kwaraidas. 880

Al. @ Tepmvdrarov od Té“axos avOpurrois hépwv, dds pow mpooermetv, ei hépeis, Tas eyxéAets.

BOI. mpéoPeipa mevTjKovta Kwrddwv Kopav, exBabi TOSe, KAMYApiTTAL TO fev.

Ss / A A 4 f- Al. @ diArdrn od Kal mddav moboupevy, 885 HAVes mobew?) pev Tpvywducois yxopois, / A / ~ > , ‘ pian dé Mopiyw. dudes, eLeveyKare Tiv ecxdpayv jor debpo Kal TH puTida. / a A > / ” oxebacbe, maides, Thy apiorny éyyedvr,

nKovoav ExT@ ports eTEr ToOoUperyy- 890 .

/ > > 7 yp / > * a \ mpoceimar advtiv, @ Téxv’> avOpaxas 8° eyd dpiv mapéEw Thode ths Eevns yapw. 2\)\> » > 55h \ \ , . GAN’ exdep’ adrnv: pndé yap Oaviv more aod xwpis «inv evrerevtAavwperns. > \ \ \ ~ ~ / BOI. eot dé Tiyud Taode m& yevnoerar; 895 Al. ayopas téAos tavrnv yé mov dace emot:

GAN’ ei te mwreis THVdE TOV dAdwv, Héye. BOL. iwya Tabra mavra.

/ / /

Al. pépe, moaov Aédyeis;

bal 9 OU > > ~ > a_> +

H popti’ erep’ evred0ev exeio’ a&eus; BOI. id

oTuy €or ev Abdvas, ev Bow totow Sé a7}. 900

* A parody of Aesch. Fr. 174 déorowa revrjxovra Nypydwv Kopov.

> “ He is thinking of the érwixca, the triumphal banquet to which the Chorus would presently be invited by the Choregus ”’: R.

86

BOE.

DI.

BOE.

DI.

BOE,

DI.

BOE.

DI.

BOE,

THE ACHARNIANS, 878-900

Aye, an’ I’m bringin’ maukins, geese, an’ tods. Easels an’ weasels, urchins, moles, an’ cats, An’ otters too, an’ eels frae Loch Copais. O man, to men their daintiest morsel bringing, Let me salute the eels, if eels you bring. Primest 0’ Loch Copais’ fifty dochters 4 Come oot o’ that; an’ mak’ the stranger welcome. O loved, and lost, and longed for, thou art come, A presence grateful to the Comic choirs,® And dear to Morychus.¢ Bring me out at once, O kitchen-knaves, the brasier and the fan. Behold, my lads, this best of all the eels, Six years a truant,? scarce returning now. O children, welcome her ; to you I'll give A charcoal fire for this sweet stranger’s sake. Out with her! Never may I lose again, Not even in death, my darling dressed in— - beet.¢ Whaur sall I get the siller for the feesh ? This you shall give me as a market-toll. But tell me, are these other things for sale ? Aye are they, a’ thae goods. And at what price ? Or would you swap for something else ? . I’se swap For gear we haena, but ye Attics hae.

¢ A famous epicure ; ef. W. 506, P. 1008.

# i.e. since the beginning of the war.

¢ A parody of the conclusion of Admetus’s address to his wife who is giving her life for his, Eur. Ale. 367 unde yup Savew wore | cod xwpls elnv, Tis udvns mors euol.

87

Al.

BOI.

Al.

BOI.

Al.

BOI. Al.

ARISTOPHANES

‘

adidas ap a&eus mpidevos Dadnpucas Képajov.

> , * /, > > 0 > 3 -

advas 7) Képapov; aAN’ evr’ éxet- > > @ > ¢ a 43> lad > s 4 GAN 6 rue map” apiv pH ott, TEd€ BS ad Todd.

” ey@oa Toivuv: ovKodavTnv e€aye, Gomep Képapov evdnodpevos. vel TH Lid, 905 / / ”“ / > A \ 4 AdBouw péevrav Képdos ayaywv Kat Todd, Gmep miaxov aAutpias moAdas tAdwy. . \ \ cgi / ” lot Kat pay dot Nixapxos epxerar pavdv. ~ e puukkds ya paKos odros. > > aAN’ dmav KaKov.

‘ / \ Fe / NIKAPXOS. Tavtl tivos Ta dhopti’ €or;

BOI.

NI.

BOI.

NI. BOI. NI.

Al. NI. Al. NI.

TOS Eua 910 ,

@ciBabev, irrw Acds.

>? A / £g\

€y@ Tolvuv 6dt daivw modk€uia Tatra.

, ‘ A \

ti dai Kakov table OpvatreTiovot mOAELov pw Kal payav; Kat oé ye dav® mpos Totade.

Ti dduKeynevos ;

éya) dpdow oo. THY mepiecoTwTwY xdpw. 915 > ~ , > > / , €x TOV ToAepiwv y’ eiadyets Opvaddidas. éreita daivers Sita dia OpvadrrX{dos ; avTn yap eumpyoeiev av TO vewpuov. vewptov OpvadXis; oto, Tie TpdTH; > . n“ > / AS be. / evOeis av és tipny avnp Bovatios 920 dias av eloméeuperev és TO vewptov

@ Lit. “anchovies”; the Phaleric ones were noted, ef.

B. 76.

88

THE ACHARNIANS, 901-921

DI. Well then, what say you to Phaleric sprats,* Or earthenware ?

BOE. Sprats ! ware! we’ve thae at hame. Gie us some gear we lack, an’ ye’ve arowtho’.

DI. I'll tell you what ; pack an INFoRMER up, Like ware for exportation.

BOE. Mon! that’s guid.

By the Twa Gudes,? an’ unco gain I’se mak’. Takin’ a monkey fu’ o’ plaguy tricks.

DI. And here’s Nicarchus * coming to denounce ou !

Bor. He’s sma’ in bouk.

DI. But every inch is bad.

nicarcuus. Whose is this merchandise ?

BOE. *Tis a’ mine here. Frae Thaibes, wat Zeus, I bure it.

NIC. Then I here Denounce it all as enemies !

BOE. Hout awa!

Do ye mak’ war an’ enmity wi’ the burdies ? nic. Them and you too. BOE. What hae I dune ye wrang ? nic. That will I say for the bystanders’ sake.4

A lantern-wick you are bringing from the foe.

pi. Show him up, would you, for a lantern-wick ? nic. Aye, for that lantern-wick will fire the docks. DI. A lantern-wick the docks! O dear, and how?

nic. If a Boeotian stuck it in a beetle, And sent it, lighted, down a watercourse ¢

>» The two gods (rw 0e#) of a Boeotian are Zethus and Amphion. ¢ Some unknown sycophant.

4 trav Trep. xdpw: apparently a favourite phrase with the orators.

¢ * A water-channel by which the superfluous water was carried down from the city into the sea at the Peiraeus ”: R.

89

Al.

NI.

Al.

XO.

Al.

XO. Al.

xo.

ARISTOPHANES

v’ ddpoppdas, Bopéay emiTnpyoas peeéyav. oe AdBouro Tav vedv TO Top ama€, ceAayoivr’ av aidyys.

a 4, Ces / ® Kakior’ aroAovpeve,

serayoivr’ av bo tidns Te Kal OpvaddAidos ; 925 peapTupopar.

EvAAdu Pav’ abrob To oréma’

dds pou hoputov, iv’ adrov evdjnoas pépa, Womep Képapov, wa pq) KaTayhH popovpevos.

evdnoov, @ BeArvore, TO lorp. fev Kahds ri eumodny 930 obrws omws

dv pn dépwv Katdén.

€mwot peAnoer Tabr’, érret

tow Kal ode? AdAov Te Kab

Tupopparyes

KdAAws Oeotow €xOpov.

Ti _xpyoerat ToT’ are ; 935 mayxXpnoTov ayyos €oTaL,

KpaTnp Kak@v, tpimTip Sucady, daivew vmrev0dvous Avxyvod- xos, Kal KvAE

Ta TpaypaT eyKuKaoba.

mas 8 av memoWoin tis ay- _ [avr. 940 yelw TovovTw Xpw@jLevos

@ Dic. lays hands on Nicarchus who calls the world to witness the assault.

> dxGv, unexpectedly for é\aév. tpurrip is the vat into which the oil pressed from olives ran: the Informer squeezes ** oil ” from lawsuits.

90

DI.

NIC, DI.

CHOR.

DI.

CHOR,

DI.

CHOR.

THE ACHARNIANS, 922-941

Straight to the docks, watching when Boreas blew His stiffest breeze, then if the ships caught fire, They’d blaze up in an instant. Blaze, you rascal ! What, with a beetle and a lantern-wick ? Bear witness ! @ Stop his mouth, and bring me litter. I'll pack him up, like earthenware, for carriage, So they mayn’t crack him on their journey home.

Tie up, O best of men, with care The honest stranger’s piece of ware, For fear they break it, As homeward on their backs they take it.

To that, be sure, I’ll have regard ; Indeed it creaks as though ’twere charred, By cracks molested,

And altogether God-detested. - How shall he deal with it ?

For every use ’tis fit,

A cup of ills, a lawsuit ° can, For audits an informing pan,° A poisoned chalice Full filled with every kind of malice

But who can safely use, I pray, A thing like this from day to day

¢ Lit. “‘a lampstand to show up (ef. 826 n.) those who had to give in their accounts,”

91

ARISTOPHANES

> KaT oiKktay

/ > > \ lot Toaove act popobvtt;

> / > Ss 7)? ” > Al. ioxupov eoTw, @ydl’, wor ovK dv KaTayeln ToT, €l- mTep eK TOO@Y 945

/ KaTWKGPA KpeMaiTo.

xo. non KaA@s Exet oot. BOI. pedArw yé rot Oepiddew. XO. aA’, & E€vwv BéAtioTE, ovv- Ogpile, Kal mpdoBadd’ dmov BovAc dépwv 950

mpos TavTa ovKopavTny.

/ DD oF \ ~ > 4, Al. pods y’ evednoa Tov Kak&s amoAovpevor. aipov AaB tov Képapov, ® Bovddtte. BOI. UmeKuTTe Tav TUAaY ivy, *lopHvexe. Al. xW7ws Katoices adtov evAaBovpevos. 955 / \ ” 29\ e /, > 7 7 TavTWS MEV Olaets OvdEV Bytes, GAA” Suws* Kav TodTO Kepddvns adywv To dopriov, evdayovijcets auKopavTav yy’ ovveKa.

eepamON. AvxatdroAc.

Al. tis €oTt; ti we Bworpeis;

@EP. 6 Tt; exéAeve Adpaxyds oe Tavrns Tis Spayyns 960 els Tovs Xdas adT@ peradobvar TAv KiyA@v,

~ ~ e / AaQ> Tpidv Spaxyav 8° exéAeve KwrGd’ Eyxedvv.

@ He had been warned off the markets, 722. » The second day of the Anthesteria, which R. would

92

THE ACHARNIANS, 942-962

In household matters, A thing that always creaks and clatters ?

DI. He’s strong, my worthy friend, and tough : He will not break for usage rough, Not though you shove him Head foremost down, his heels above him.

CHOR. (To Boeotian) You’ve got a lovely pack. Bor. A bonnie hairst I’se mak’.

cHor. Aye, best of friends, your harvest make, And whereso’er it please you take This artful, knowing And best equipped informer going.

DI. "Twas a tough business, but I’ve packed the scamp. Lift up and take your piece of ware, Boeotian. BOE. Gae, pit your shouther underneath, Ismeny. DI. And pray be careful as you take him home. You've got a rotten bale of goods, but still ! And if you make a harvest out of him, You'll be in luck’s way, as regards informers.

SERVANT. Dicaeopolis !

DI. Well? why are you shouting ? SERV. Why? Lamachus ® bids you, towards the Pitcher- feast,?

Give him some thrushes for this drachma here, And for three drachmas one Copaie eel. identify with the Lenaea, at which this play was presented.

Those who attended the feast seem to have brought their own provisions. 93

ARISTOPHANES

¢ a $. N A / ‘ 4 Xr . Al. 6 motos otros Adpaxos tiv eyyeAvr; / @EP. 6 Sewds, 6 Tadavpwos, ds tiv Topydva a / / mdaAXeL, Kpadaivwr Tpeis KaTacKlous Addous. 965 > , AI. ovK av pa Av’, ef doin yé ror TH aomida: / GAN’ emi tapixer tods Addous Kpadawerw* qv & amoduyalvy, Tovs ayopavopovs KAAD. ~ / eya 8° euavt@ rode AaBdw 7d dopriov a / etoey.,” bral mreptywv KiyAGv Kal Korbiywv. 970 xo. eldes @, eldes, @ . [orp. “a / Taca 76AL, Tov dpovy.ov avdpa, Tov brépaodov, 4 of” €xer orewodevos europea yphyara Su- euTroAav, x \ A > yee av Ta wev ev oikia xXpjowa, TA 8 ad mpemer 975 xAvapa Kateobiew. > / / te \ ~ , , avrouata mavr’ ayala tHdé ye mopilerar.

> / obdémor eyd IdAeuov otkad’ broddEopat, > A ¢ / »” ovd€ map” euol more Tov ‘Apuddiov doerau / Ld / 9.910 ” Evyxarakhweis, d7t mapoivios avip edu, 980 > / GoTis emt mavr aydal” éxovras émuwpdoas, 4 ; > elpydoaro mavra Kaka Kavérpeme Kakéxer, \ / KapdxeTo, Kal mpocére TOAAG TpoKaAovpevov,

2 A soldier’s fare, cf. 1101.

> i.e. the thongs described 724.

° “ Between the marketing scenes and the banquetin scenes A. interposes an idyllic description of War an Peace”: R.

4 For this drinking-song ¢f. 1093 n.

94

DI. SERV.

DI.

CHOR.°

THE ACHARNIANS, 963-983

Who is this Lamachus that wants the eel?

The dread, the tough, the terrible, who wields

The Gorgon targe, and shakes three shadowy plumes.

An eel for umm? Not though his targe he gave me !

Let him go shake his plumes at his salt fish.¢

If he demur, I'll call the Market clerks.®

Now for myself I'll carry all these things

Indoors, to the tune o’ merles an’ mavises wings.

Have ye seen him, all ye people, seen the man of matchless art, Seen him, by his private treaty, traftie gain from every mart, Goods from every neighbour ; Some required for household uses ; some ‘twere pleasant warm to eat ; All the wealth of all the cities lavished here before his feet, Free from toil and labour.

War I'll never welcome in to share my hospitality, | Never shall the fellow sing Harmodius 4 in my company, Always in his cups he acts so rudely and offensively. Tipsily he burst upon our happy quiet family, Breaking this, upsetting that, and brawling most pugnaciously. Yea when we entreated him with hospitable courtesy,

95

ARISTOPHANES

mive, KaTaKeroo, AaBe THvde didoTynaiay,

A / A lon ” n / Tas xdpakas Hare 7oAd waAAov Ett TH Tvpt, Ly td - Mee ~ / \ S > ~ > f. e€éxer 0 Hydv Bia rov otvov ex TOv aumreAwy.

> ¢ > / > eldes ws éemTépw- [avr. , 9 -oe.% \ a Ld \ / \ cal ral 7° emt ro Setnvov aya Kat peydAa 81) Ppovet rob Biov 8 e&éBare Setypa tad TA TTEpa TPO TOV bupdv.

® Kuapids rH Kadj

Kat Xdpiot tats pidais

Evvtpope Avaddayy},

e A ” A / vy > 3 /, ws KaAdov €xovca TO mpdcw7ov ap’ eAdvOaves.

la nv > A \ /, ” / 7 mas av ewe Kat o€ tis "Epws Evvayadyou AaPwv, ov 4 / womrep 6 yeypappevos, exwv orépavov avOeuwv; ) mdvu yepovriov iows vevouiKds me ov;

GAdd ce XaBav rpia SoKd y’ dy ert mpooBadretv: ~ A nn” > / »” > / / mpOta bev av auredidos Opxov eAdoat maKpov,

clra mapa Tovde vea pooxidia ovKidwr, eed , ¢ ’ x wep gv Kal TO Tpitov Hepidos dpxov, 6 yépwv 681,

\ \ A / La wal Ad > 4

Kal mept TO xwplov eAgGdas amav ev KvKAw,

@ The kimk gidrornata (cf. L. 203) was exactly our “ loying- cup.”

® 7.e, vine-props.

¢ Though he is old he thinks that, if she marries him, he can “ still throw into the bargain three things ” which he then describes.

4 ‘uepts seems to have been grown on lofty trellis-work, and originally on the walls of the dwelling-house ; see R.

96

THE ACHARNIANS, 985-998

Sit you down, and drink a cup, ) a Cup ee Love and Harmony ,* All the more he burnt the poles ° we wanted for our husbandry, Aye and spilt perforce the liquor treasured up within our vines.

Proudly he prepares to banquet. Did ye mark him, all elate, As a sample of his living cast these plumes before his gate ? Grand his ostentation ! _ Oof Cypris foster-sister, and of every heavenly Grace, Never knew I till this moment all the glory of thy face, REcONCILIATION !

O that Love would you and me unite in endless harmony, Love as he is pictured with the wreath of roses ‘smilingly. Maybe you regard me as a fragment: of antiquity : Ah, but if I. get you, dear, I'll show my triple husbandry.° First a row of vinelets will I plant prolonged and orderly, Next the little fig-tree shoots beside them, growing lustily, Thirdly the domestic vine ; 4 ‘although I am so elderly. Round them all shall olives grow, to form a pleasant boundary.

VOL. I H 97

ARISTOPHANES

v ve / / 9 227 > ~ > A “ wor’ drcipecbai o° an’ adt@v Kaye tals vou- pnvias. |

nivew B10 THs adAmuyyos: os 8 av exmin TpuTLoTOos, GoKov Kryoupavros Anperan.

al. @ maides, @ yuvaires, ovK jKovoare ; ti Spare; Tod KypuKos ovK ducovere ; avapparrer , e€ontare, tpémet’, aheAkete 1 Ta A\ay@a taxéws, Tovs aTepdvovs avelpeTe. dépe Todvs oPeAickous, Ww’ avameipw tas Ki-

xAas.

> / / ‘ X / ‘ / KHP. akovete Acw* KaTa TA TAaTpLA Tovs Yoas 1000 . :

xo. lnrAB ce tis ebBovdrias, padrrov Sé THs, edwyias, avOpwre, Tis mapovons. 101 Al. as oir’, emevBav Tas xixhas OTTULEVAS LONTE ; xO. ofwai oe Kat robr’ €d Aéyew. Al. TO 7p drrooKkdAeve. xo. HKOVoUS WS payelp_Kas 101 Kopibas Te Kal SeumvynTiuKa@s avT® Siakovetrat; rEQPrOS. oto TdAas.

€ Al. ® ‘Hpdxres, tis odroat; TE. avijp Kakodaimwr. Al. KaTd O€AUTOY VU TpeTOV.

@ Enter Crier, while the eccyclema exposes to view the interior of D.’s house.

> i.e. not an ordinary doxds olvov, but a huge one made out of the skin of Ctesiphon who was raxds kai mpoydotwp +: Schol.

e¢ “The unwonted savour of the roasting and stewing meat has quite subdued the hearts of the old Acharnians ” : h.

98

THE ACHARNIANS, 999-1019

Thence will you and I anoint us, darling, when the New Moon shines.

cr1eER.4 O yes! O yes! Come, drain your pitchers to the trumpet’s sound, In our old fashion. Whoso drains his first, Shall have, for prize, a skin of —Ctesiphon.?

DI. Lads! Lassies! heard ye not the words he

said ?

What are ye at? Do ye not hear the Crier?

Quick ! stew and roast, and turn the roasting flesh,

Unspit the haremeat, weave the coronals,

Bring the spits here, and I'll impale the thrushes.

CHOR. I envy much your happy plan,°

I envy more, you lucky man,

The joys you’re now possessing. DI. What, when around the spits you see the thrushes roasting gloriously ? cHor. And that’s a saying I admire. DI. Boy, poke me up the charcoal fire. CHOR. O listen with what cookly art And gracious care, so trim and smart,

His own repast he’s dressing.

FARMER.? Alas! Alas !

DI. O Heracles, who’s there ? rar. An ill-starred man. DI. Then keep it to yourself.

4 Enter Dercetes an Athenian farmer. His farm was at Phyle just on the Attic side of a pass between Boeotia and Attica,

99

rE.

Al. TE. Al. TE. Al. rE.

Al.

rE.

Al. rE. Al. rE.

Al. TE,

XO.

Al.

XO. Al.

ARISTOPHANES

® pidrare, omovdat yap elou ool joven, 1020 péTpycov eipyvns TL Lol, Kav mevT ern. Ti & émalles; | erreTpipnv amoAgoas Ta Boe. m00ev; . amo DvAjs éAaBov ot Bovesrvoe. { @ TpraKaKxddaypoy, cira Acvicov dpmexer; Kal rabra pevrot vy) AU aep pw erpedernv 1025 ev maou BoAirots. eira tuvt Tod dée; | amoAwAa trHdlaAua Saxptwv ta Bde. | GAN? et Te KDE Aepxérov DvAaciov, : dadheupov elpiyy pe Topbadpa TAXU. aA’, @ mov i ov Snpocvedeny TvyXdve. 1030 iO” dyriBodd a, Hv TwWs Kopiowpar Tw Boe. ovK €oTW, dd white mpos Tod IlirrdAov. 1 ov 8° dAAd por oradaypov eipyyns eva els Tov KaAapioKov evordhagov TOUTOVL. ; 088° av orpipiAckiyE: add’ amidv olwwlé mov. 1035 olor KaKodaiuwy Toiv yewpyotv Bo.diow. ‘

avnp evedpnKev Te Tals omovoatow dv, KovK €oL- Kev ovdEevl LeTadWoew. KaTaxer od THS xopdfs TO peAL* Tas onmias oTdbeve* 1041 HKovoas OpOiacparwr ; ontare TayxéA€va.

4 éy maou Borlros (lit. in the midst of every kind of cow dung) i is substituted for the expected év racw ayalots. > For dyuocceve thus used cf. Plato, Gorg. 514 v. ¢ Probably one of the state doctors.

100

FAR,

DI. FAR. DI. FAR. DI.

FAR.

DI. FAR.

DI. FAR.. DI. FAR. DI.

FAR.

CHOR.

DI.

CHOR.

DI.

THE ACHARNIANS, 1020-1043

O—for you only hold the truces, dear— Measure me out though but five years of Peace. What ails you ? Ruined! Lost my oxen twain. Where from ? From Phyle. The Boeotians stole them. And yet you are clad in white, you ill-starred loon ! They twain maintained me in the very lap Of affluent muckery.* Well, what want you now ? Lost my two eyes, weeping my oxen twain. Come, if you care for Dercetes of Phyle,

Rub some Peace-ointment, do, on my two

eyes. Why, bless the fool, I’m not a public surgeon.?

Do now; I'll maybe find my oxen twain.

No, go and weep at Pittalus’s ¢ door.

Do, just one single drop. Just drop me here

Into this quill one little drop of Peace.

No, not one twitterlet ; take your tears else- where.

Alas! Alas! my darling yoke of oxen.

He loves the Treaty’s pleasant taste ; He will not be, methinks, in haste To let another share it. Pour on the tripe the honey, you ! And you, the cuttle richly stew ! How trumpet-like his orders sound. Be sure the bits of eel are browned.

10]

ARISTOPHANES

xo. amoKreveis Aud pe Kal Tovs yeiTovas Kvion TE Kal 1 dwvy Tovatra Adokwy.

Al. omTdre Tavti Kal KadAds Eavbilere.

MIAPANYM#0%. ArKatdozroAt.

Al. Tis OUTOGL; Tis OUTOAL;

TIA. ezrepipe tis cor vupdios TavTl Kpéa ex TOV yop.

Al. Kadds ye mov, doris qv. 1

TIA. éxéheve 5° eyXEau ge, TOV Kpedv xapw, iva pq) oTparevoir, adAa Bwoin pevwr, és tov aAdBaorov Kvabov eipyivns eva.

Al. dmopep’ anddepe TO. Kpéa Kal py pou didov, Ws ovK dy eyxeayue pupiwy dSpaxypav. 1 GAN’ adrni tis eoriv;

TIA. v7) vuppedr pra detrat Tapa. Tijs vouens a oo. AcEau pov.

Al. pépe 67, TL ov A€yeus; @s yéAowov, @ Geol, TO dénua Tijs vduns, 0 6 deirai wou odddpa, omws av olxouph] TO méos Tod vupplov. 1 Pepe Sedpo | TAS omoveds, i iy’ avr 5@ povyn. Oru) yern "oT TOO moA€uov 7” ove agia. Urex Wde Sebpo rodvfdrermTpov, @ ybvar. olol’ ws moveire TobTO; TH viudn dpdaov, OTav oTpaTwwTas KaTadéywor, TovTwl 1 vikTwp adeérw TO méos Tob vuudiou. anodhepe Tas oTrovdds. hépe THY oivypvaw, wv’ olvov éyyéw AaBwv és rods xoas.

2 rapdvuudos Or mdpoxos.

102

THE ACHARNIANS, 1044-1068

cuor. The words you speak, your savoury rites, Keep sharpening so our appetites That we can hardly bear it.

pt. . Now roast these other things and brown them nicely. GroomsMaN.* O Dicaeopolis ! DI. Who’s there ? who’s there ? er. A bridegroom sends you from his wedding- banquet These bits of meat. pI. Well done, whoe’er he is. _@r. And in return he bids you pour him out,

To keep him safely with his bride at home, Into this ointment-pot one dram of Peace.

DI. Take, take your meat away ; I can’t abide it. Not for ten thousand drachmas would I give him One drop of Peace. Hey, who comes here ? GR. The bridesmaid

Bringing a private message from the bride.

DI. Well, what have you to say? What wants the bride ?

Affects to listen.

O heaven, the laughable request she makes

To keep her bridegroom safely by her side.

I'll do it ; bring the truces ; she’s a woman, .

Unfit to bear the burdens of the war.

Now, hold the myrrh-box underneath, my girl.

Know you the way to use it? Tell the bride,

When they’re enrolling soldiers for the war,

To rub the bridegroom every night with this.

Now take the truces back, and bring the ladle.

I'll fill the winecups for the Pitcher-feast.

103

ARISTOPHANES

Mo Nee OE “Poet fy Preehe) 4 XO. Kal py Odi Tis TAs Odpds aveoTaKds womep Tt Sewov ayyeA@v emetyerar.

KHP. lw mdvoe Te Kal pdxar Kat Adpayor. AA. Tis aud xaAKodddapa Sparta KruTeEt;

KHP. lévat o° exéAevov of oTpaTyyol THLEpov raxéws AaBdvra Tods Adxous Kat Tods Addous* Kareita THpelv vipdprevov Tas elaPodAds. tao tos Xdas yap Kat Xvrpous avrotoi tis Tyyewre Anoras euBarety Bouwrious.

AA. ta oTparnyot mA«ioves 7) BeArioves. od dSewa py “Ecivai pe pnd” éoprdcar; Al. id otpdrevpa TroAcuoAapayaiKov. AA. olwou Kakodaipwy, KaTayeAds Hdn ov pov; Al. BovAe payeobar I'npudvn tetpamrirAw; AA. aiat, olay 6 ehpué ayyeAiav Ty verre [Lol. Al. alat, tiva 8° ab pou mpootpexer Tis ayyeA@v;

ATTEAOS. AcxavdzoAc. Al. Tl €oTW; AIT. emt Seimvov Taxd / \ / \ \ \ , Bddile, rHv Kiornv AaBaw Kai Tov xoa. 6 rod Avovdcov ydp o° tepeds eraméumerat. > > > / a 7 / aA éyKover* Seurvetvy Katakwdvers mada. \

Ta 5 dAXda mdvr’ é€oTly mapeckevacpeva,

® The meaning is: “‘ Do you wish ‘to fight with such a Geryon as I am, one who would encounter Hercules?” retparTikw is substituted for the expected rpicedddy, and Dic. must have tricked himself with four plumes to outdo- the “ three crests ’’ (1109) of Lamachus.

» The vessel in which he carried his provisions ; ¢f. Hom. Od. vi. 76. ‘Those who invited to a feast, " says the

104

CHOR.

DI.

THE ACHARNIANS, 1069-1089

But here runs one with eyebrows puckered up. Methinks he comes a messenger of woe.

. O toils, and fights, and fighting Lamachuses !

Who clangs around my _bronze-accoutred halls ?

. The generals bid you take your crests and

cohorts, And hurry off this instant ; to keep watch Amongst the mountain passes in the snow. For news has come that at this Pitcher-feast Boeotian bandits mean to raid our lands. O generals, great in numbers, small in worth ! Shame that I may not even enjoy the feast. O expedition batile-Lamachaean ! O dear, what you! Do you insult me too ? What would you fight with Geryon, the four- winged ? 4 O woe! O what a message has this Crier brought me! Oho! what message will this runner bring me ?

MESSENGER. Dicaeopolis !

DI. MESS.

Well? : Come at once to supper, ree bring your pitcher, and your supper- chest.? The priest of Bacchus sends to fetch you thither. And do be quick: you kee the supper waiting.

For all things else are ready and prepared,

Scholiast, ‘* furnished garlands, perfumes, sweetmeats, etc., and the guests brought provisions (éyjuara).”

105

AA.

AA.

Al.

AA.

AA.

ARISTOPHANES

KAivat, Tpdmelar, mpooxepdraua, oTpupara, 1090 orédavor, wdpov, tpaynual’, at Topva Tapa, apvrAot, mAaKobvres, onoapoodvres, iTpwa, >

opxnoTpides, 7a didAtal’ ‘Appodiov, Kadai. aA ws TaxvoTa omedde.

Karcodatpraav eye. Kal yap ov peydAny ereypadou tiv Lopyova. 1095 ovyxheve, Kat Setmvev tis evoxevalerw. mat mat, dep e&w Seipo tov ytAvov epoi. mat mat, pep’ cEw Sebpo tiv Kiorny epol. ddas Oupiras olce, mat, Kal Kpoppua. ewol dé Teun” Kpopvois yap axPopar. 1100 Opiov Tapixous oice debpo, mat, campod. Kajol od Snuod Opiov: dmrjow 8 éxe?. eveyKe Sepo TW TTEPa® TH °K TOO Kpdvous. > \ \ \ / / \ \ / ewot d€ tas darras ye dépe Kal Tas KixAas. KaAddv ye Kal AevKdv TO THs oTpovlob mTEpoV. 1105 Kaddv ye Kal Eavbov ro ris ddtryns Kpéas. dvOpwre, tadoa KatayeAadv pov Tav O7rAwy. x 4 \ / > \ / dv0pwre, BovAer ry BAe eis Tas KixAas; To Aodetiov eEéveyke THV Tpi@v Addwv.

> A / ~ / \ ~ Kajol Aekdviov Tav Aaydwv Sos Kpe@v. 1110 add’ 4 tpixdBpwres tovs Addovs pov KaT- épayov ;

GAN’ 4 mpd Seimvov TH piwapKuv Karédopat; dvOpwre, BotAet [47) mpocayopevew ewe ;

ovK, aad’ éya yw tats épilowev mada.

BovAer wepiddo0a, Kamitpefar Aapaxyew, 1115

@ The Scolium began i\7a6" ‘ Apydsdr’, of ri rw réOvnKas, but

A.,

“reading @iAraé’ as the neuter plural and combining

“Apudde ob into ‘Apuodlov contrives to hint at the irregularities of this popular favourite’: KR.

106

EE ——

THE ACHARNIANS, 1090-1115

The couches, tables, sofa-cushions, rugs, Wreaths, sweetmeats, myrrh, the harlotry are there, Whole-meal cakes, cheese-cakes, sesame-, honey-cakes, And dancing-girls, Harmodius’ dearest ones.* So pray make haste. O wretched, wretched me ! Aye the great Gorgon ‘twas you chose for patron. Now close the house, and pack the supper up. Boy, bring me out my soldier’s knapsack here. Boy, bring me out my supper-basket here. Boy, bring me onions, with some thymy salt. For me, fish-fillets : onions I detest. Boy, bring me here a leaf of rotten fish. A tit-bit leaf for me; I’ll toast it there. Now bring me here my helmet’s double plume. And bring me here my thrushes and ring- doves. How nice and white this ostrich-plume to view. How nice and brown this pigeon’s flesh to eat. Man, don’t keep jeering at my armour so. Man, don’t keep peering at my thrushes so.

. Bring me the casket with the three crests in it.

Bring me the basket with the hare’s flesh in it. Surely the moths my crest have eaten up. Sure this hare-soup I'll eat before I sup. Fellow, I’ll thank you not to talk to me.

Nay, but the boy and I, we can’t agree. Come will you ® bet, and Lamachus decide,

> He addresses the “‘ boy.”

107

AA.

ARISTOPHANES

mOrEpov aKploes Ody eorw, KixAar; on ws bBpiles.

TAS dicpidas Kpivet mond. mat Tat, Kabehasv poor TO Sdpu Sep’ ew pepe. mat tat, ad 5° apeAdy Sebpo tiv xopdjnv pépe. pepe, Tob déparos adeAkvowpat TovAurpov. 11 ex’, avtéxou, mat.

Kal ov, Tat, TOOO’ avTéxov. Tovs KdriBavras olce, mat, THs aomidos. Kal THs euhs Tovs KpiBavitas exdepe. pepe Sedpo yopyovwxrov aomidos KUKAov. — I Kajol mAaxobyros TUpOvTOV dos KUKAov. Tadr’ od KatdyeAws é€orw avOpdrots mAaTUs ; tabdr’ od tAaKods Sir’ eotiv avOpwmos yAv-

KUs ;

/ 4, a A > n 4 KaTdyet ov, Tat, TovAaov. ev TO yaAKiw evop® yéepovra SetAias devEovpevov.

/ \ \ / > Qo 7 Karaxer ov TO péeAL. Kav0ad’ evdndos yeépwv 11 KAdew Kedcdwv Adpaxyov tov Topydoov. dépe Sedpo, mat, Odpaxa moepvornpiov. e€aipe, mal, Owpaxa Karol Tov Xda. . €v T@OE mpos Tovs moleptous OwpyEopar. ev Toe mpos Tovs oupmoras Owpnfopac. ll Ta oTpopar’ & mat, Sijoov € €K THs aomidos. TO deimvov, ® mat, Shaov ex THs KiaTidos. > \ | ae nm A / ” 4 ey 5° euavt® Tov ydduov oiow AaBodv. > \ A > 4, \ > ‘4 eye dé Ooipariov AaBav e&epyopar.

© > /Q? ” \ / > > a / THV aomid: aipov, Kai Badil’, & mat, AaBodv. 1h

vider. BaBaa&> yeywepia Ta mpdypara.

2 To which L. when at war will be reduced. ® rov Topydcov, “son of Gorgasus”’ is merely another reference to his Gorgon shield.

108

THE ACHARNIANS, 1116-1141

Locusts ¢ or thrushes, which the daintier are ? Insolent knave ! (To the boy) Locusts, he says, by far. Boy, boy, take down the spear, and bring it here. Boy, take the sweetbread off and bring it here. Hold firmly to the spear whilst I pull off The case. And you, hold firmly to the spit. Boy, bring the framework to support my shield. Boy, bring the bakemeats to support my frame. Bring here the grim-backed circle of the shield. And here the cheese-backed circle of the cake. Is not this—mockery, plain for men to see ? Is not this—cheese-cake, sweet for men to eat? Pour on the oil, boy. Gazing on my shield, I see an old man tried for cowardliness. Pour on the honey. Gazing on my cake, I see an old man mocking Lamachus.? Bring me a casque, to arm the outer man. Bring me a cask to warm the inner man. With this I'll arm myself against the foe. With this I’ll warm myself against the feast.? Boy, lash the blankets up against the shield. Boy, lash the supper up against the chest. Myself will bear my knapsack for myself. Myself will wear my wraps, and haste away. Take up the shield, my boy, and bring it on. Snowing ! good lack, a wintry prospect mine.

° @wpiocecba: means either (1) “ put on a breast-plate,” or (2) ** get drunk.”

109

ARISTOPHANES

” A a Al. alpov 70 Setmvov: oupmoriKd Ta mpdypara.

XO. ire 51) yalpovres emt orpatidy. Ws dvopotay épxecbov oddv- T@ prev mivew oTehaywoapevy, col d€ pry@v Kal mpodvdAdrrew, T@ Sé Kabevdew peTa TraLdioKns WparoTaryns, dvatpiBopevw Te TO deiva.

*Avriwayov tov Vaxddos, Evyypadéa, Tay preAdwy mounrhy, OTp. e \ ¢ na / lan > /, ec / Ws bev GTAD Adyw kax@s eEorécerev 6 Levs. ds y’ ewe Tov TAjpova Anjvara yopny@v ar- éxrevoe Seitrvwv. “ vw > > / / ov ér éemidouue Tevbidos Sedpevov, 0 wrTnWEry , 4 / ie / /, ailovoa mdapados, émt tpaméeln Keyevn, oKéAAow: Kata péA- Aovros AaBety adrobd Kiwy dpmacaca pevyor.

@ Kxeunt Dic. and Lam., one to war the other to a banquet. They return 1189.

> In 1149 7d detva=7d aidotoyv: Schol.

¢ Otherwise unknown. He is called 6 Vaxddos “ because always spitting’: Schol. The “shutting out” of Aristo- phanes may have been when he produced the Aa:radeis two years before.

4 A well-known dainty. Here it is supposed to come in on its table (W. 1216, “‘ bring in the tables’) and to “ come ashore’ or “land ’’ just close to Antimachus. mdpados is explained by the Schol. either as ‘“‘ beside the salt” or “ by the sea-shore.” R. says it simply=“‘ marine,” and_ that “the cuttle gliding along on its table is likened to” the famous state trireme Paralus.

110

1160

DI.

CIIOR,.

THE ACHARNIANS, 1142-1161 Take up the chest ; a suppery prospect mine.

Off to your duties, my heroes bold.4

Different truly the paths ye tread ;

One to drink with wreaths on his head 3

One to watch, and shiver with cold,

Lonely, the while his antagonist passes

The sweetest of hours with the sweetest of lasses.®

Pray we that Zeus calmly reduce

to destruction emphatic and utter

That meanest of poets and meanest of men,

Antimachus,? offspring of Sputter ; The Choregus who sent me away without any supper at all At the feast of Lenaea ; I pray, two Woes that Choregus befall. May he hanker for a dish of the subtle cuttle-fish ¢ ; May he see the cuttle sailing through its brine and through its oil, On its little table lying, hot and hissing from the frying, Till it anchor close beside him, when alas! and woe betide him ! As he reaches forth his hand for the meal the Gods provide him, May a dog snatch and carry off the spoil, off the spoil, May a dog snatch and carry off the spoil. 111

ARISTOPHANES |

~ X 2A \ ¢ Tie TOUTO MEV AUTW KAKOV EV" Ka0 €TEPOV

> VUKTEPWoV YeVvoOLTO. [av7.

—

nmarav yap olkad’ é& immacias Padilwy, 1 eira Kardgeé Tis adbrod peOdwv tiv Kepadrpv ’Opéorns prawvopevos* 6 dé AiMov AaBetv / > / 4, Bovdopuevos, ev oxdtw AdBou a \ , > , , :

TH xXeipt wéAcDov apriws Keyeopevov* 1171

> / 2

emd€cvev 8° Eywv

\ la + > ¢ TOV pdppapov, Kame)” duap-

twv BddAo. Kparivoy.

BEP. @ Sud@es ot Kar’ oikdv é€ore Aapdyxov,

vdwp vdwp ev yuTpidiw Oepyaivere: 117 dldvia, KnpwThy TapacKevdlere, i s*' 9: ae , , \ \ ee Ep.’ oloumnpd, Aapmdd.ov epi TO opupov. ¢ \ / / ~ / avnp TéTpwrat xdpaki Sivarndav radpov, \ \ \ / > / Kal TO opupov madwoppov e€eKdKKisE, Kal Ths Kehadfs Katéaye mepl AiMov mecwy, \ , 3 Ly od 4 > “a > , cat Topydv’ e&jyeipev ex THs aomidos. / \ ‘ / 4 \ mridov 5€ TO péya KoptroAaKvOov meoov

2 A foot-pad ; cf. B. 712, 1491.

- > In 1172 udppuapos, ‘‘ a stone of bright spar,” is a Homeric word (i/. xii. 380; Od. ix. 499) purposely substituted for wéNEOos.

° See 849. @ Apparently the Gorgon on his shield is detachable.

112

THE ACHARNIANS, 1162-1182

Duty the first Woe is rehearsed ; attend whilst the other I’m telling. It is night, and our gentleman, after a ride, is returning on foot to his dwelling ; With ague he’s sorely bested, and he’s feeling uncommonly ill, When suddenly down on his head comes Orestes’s ¢ club with a will. "Tis Orestes, hero mad, tis the drunkard and the pad. Then stooping in the darkness let him grope about the place, If his hand can find a brickbat at Orestes to be flung ; But instead of any brickbat may he grasp a podge of dung, And rushing on with this,? Orestes may he miss, And hit young Cratinus ° in the face, in the face, And hit young Cratinus in the face.

ATTENDANT. Varlets who dwell in Lamachus’s halls, Heat water, knaves, heat water in a pot. Make ready lint, and salves, and greasy wool, And ankle-bandages. Your lord is hurt, Pierced by a stake whilst leaping o’er a trench. Then, twisting round, he wrenched his ankle out,

And, falling, cracked his skull upon a stone ;

And shocked the Hceping Gorgon from his shield.4

Then the Great Boastard’s plume being cast away

VOL. I I 113

AA.

Al.

AA. Al.

ARISTOPHANES

‘ a /, ‘ > uA mpos tais métpatot, Sewov eEnvda pédAos* “@® kAewov bppa, viv mavdorarov o° idav Ar , / > "A > 72 82 > ae 5 cimw dos Todpdviov: odKér’ ei’ eye. tooatra Ad~as eis bdpoppdav tecav aviorarai te Kal EvvavTgd Spameras, Anoras eAavvwv Kat KaTaoTépywv Sopi. eQ\ A > / > > »+ A 4 ddl d€ KavTds* GAN’ avouye THv Bdpav.

arTatat, arrarat. [orp. oTuyepa Ta5€ ye Kpvepa mdfea* TdAas eye. didAAvpat Sopos bo moAcuiov tumeis. exeivo 8 otv aiaxrov av yévouro, AtkadrroXis et p’ dou TeTpwpevor,

Kar éyxdvoe Tats euais TUxavow.

drrarat, drrarat. [avr. Tt&v titbiwv, w&s oKAnpa Kat Kvdcivia.

‘hidnoarov pe parOardas, ® xpvoiw,

TO TEpumEeTaoTOV kamyavdahwrdr,. TOV yap you mp@Tos exméTmwKa. ® ovppopa tdAawa tov euadv KaKk@ve id) iw tTpavydtwv éemwdvvwvr. in, in, xatpe Aapaximmor. OTUYEpOs eva). Real

poyepos eyes. Tl pe Od Kovels;

Ti pe od Saxves;

TdAdas ‘eye Tijs Eup Bohfjs Bapetas. Tots. Xovot yap tis EvpBodrds o° Emparrev; id ta Uavay ie Mardy. aA odyi tipepor Mave.

@ Re-enter L. wounded, supported by attendants, and Dic. jovial between two courtesans.

114

118%

ll

il

LAM.?

DI.

THE ACHARNIANS, 1183-1213

Prone on the rocks, a dolorous cry he raised, O glorious Eye, with this my last fond look

The heavenly light I leave ; my day is done.

He spake, and straightway falls into a ditch : Jumps up again : confronts the runaways, And prods the fleeing bandits with his spear, But here he enters. Open wide the door.

O lack-a-day! O lack-a-day ! I’m hacked, I’m killed, by hostile lances ! But worse than wound or lance ’twill grieve me If Dicaeopolis perceive me And mock, and mock at my mischances. O lucky day! O lucky day! What mortal ever can be richer, Than he who feels, my golden misses, Your softest, closest, loveliest kisses.® "Twas I, ’twas I, first drained the pitcher. O me, my woful dolorous lot ! O me, the gruesome wounds I’ve got ! My darling Lamachippus, is it not ? O doleful chance ! O cursed spite !

Why give me a kiss ?

) Why give me a bite? O me the*heavy, heavy charge ° they tried. Who makes a charge this happy Pitcher-tide ? O Paean, Healer ! heal me, Paean, pray. "Tis not the Healer’s festival to-day.

’ In 1199 their breasts are compared to ‘“ quires,” ura kvdona; and 1201 describes dvo0 eldn pirnudrwv épwrikdv:

Schol.

¢ Cf. 1000-2. In 1210 EvuBorx is “‘ a hostile encounter” ; in 1211 the “contribution ’’ made by a guest to a common entertainment.

115

ARISTOPHANES

AA. AdBeobd pov, AdBeobe Tob aKxéAovs: amai, mpooddBeot’, & pido. 12] > ~ , ‘ ~ / y f Al. uot dé ye of Tob méovs dupw péecov / > > / mpoordBeol’, & pira. AA. iAvyyid Kdpa A0w TrezAnypEvos, Kal oKoTOOWLa. Al. Kayw Kabevdew BovAojpar Kal otvopat 1 Kal oxoTopu.d. AA! Ovpalé p? eEevéyar’ és rob IlirrdAov Tauviauor xXepoiv. Al. Ws Tovs Kpitds pe hepere* 0d *oTw 6 Baowredvs ; > , , ‘ > / amddo0Teé pol TOV acKOV. 1 AA. Adyyn Tis eprréemnye jou du doréwy odupra. Al. OpGte Tovtovi Kevov. THvEAAa Kadrivixos. xo. THvedAa. dfr’, elmep Kadeis y’, ® mpéopv, Kaddivixos. -Al. Kal mpos y’ akparov éyxéas » és dpuvotw e&éAarba. XO. THVEAAd vuv, @ yevvdda’ / ‘ 4 > / xaper AaBwy Tov acKov. 1 J / ” > Al, emeo0é vuy ddovres @ Tivedra kahiivucos.. xo. GAN’ eouecba on xdpw THVvEAXNa KadAtvuxov ¢- « dovres Gé Kal TOV aoKov.

4 4,e. of the Pitcher-feast who are to award him the doxds olvov as the best drinker. But A. is also appealing to

116

CHOR.

THE ACHARNIANS, 1214-1234

O lift me gently round the hips, My comrades true ! O kiss me warmly on the lips, My darlings, do! My brain is dizzy with the blow Of hostile stone. Mine’s dizzy too: to bed I'll go, And not alone. O take me in your healing hands, and bring To Pittalus this battered frame of mine. O take me to the judges. Where’s the King That rules the feast ? hand me my skin of wine. A lance has struck me through the bone So piteously ! so piteously ! (He is helped off the stage.) I’ve drained the pitcher all alone ; Sing ho! Sing ho! for Victory.?

. Sing ho! Sing ho! for Victory then,

If so you bid, if so you bid. I filled it with neat wine, my men,

And quaffed it at a gulp, I did. Sing ho! brave heart, the wineskin take, And onward go, and onward go.

And ye must follow in my wake, And sing for Victory ho! sing ho! O yes, we'll follow for your sake Your wineskin and yourself, I trow. Sing ho! for Victory won, sing ho!

the wévre xpiral of the theatrical contest to give the prize to him. Bacvreds is the d4pxwv 8. who presided at the Lenaea.

> rhvedta x.: the opening of a Song of Victory by Archilochus ; cf. B. 1764.

117

INTRODUCTION

Tuts play was exhibited at the Lenaean festival, in February 424 B.c., and obtained the prize, Cratinus being second with the Satyrs, and Aristomenes third with the Woodcarriers.

It was an attack on Cleon, then at the height of his power; for a few months before he had by a lucky and extraordinary chain of events gained an unequalled pre-eminence.

Cleon, a leather-seller, son of Cleaenetus, was a most persuasive orator, full of resource, but corrupt and rapacious beyond others; he amassed a huge fortune in his political life. His ignoble character is clear from the speech which Thucydides puts in his mouth, advocating the massacre of the people of Mitylene (iii. 36, iv. 21). He had long been a bitter assailant of Pericles ; and when Pericles died, Cleon took his place as popular leader. But his success was due to the affair of Pylus.

Demosthenes, the Athenian general, had seized and fortified Pylus, a hill on the west of the Pelo- ponnese, overlooking an important harbour which lay between the mainland and the island of Sphacteria. He intended to settle here the Messenian exiles who had settled at Naupactus, for this nation was the inveterate foe of Sparta. There his party was 120

THE KNIGHTS

attacked by the Spartans, who disembarked a large force upon the island opposite. The Athenian fleet came to the rescue, and blockaded this force in Sphacteria. The danger of their troops led the Spartans to sue for peace, which might then have been had upon honourable terms.

But Cleon, who was no statesman, demanded such terms as were really out of the Spartans’ power to grant; and when they did not reject even those, but proposed a conference, he procured that they should be rebuffed with contumely. He expected that the troops in Sphacteria would now surrender ;

~ but time went on, winter approached, and yet they

held out. Suddenly an accidental fire cleared the island of its wood, and Demosthenes seeing his opportunity, prepared to attack.

At Athens, disquieting rumours were rife; and Cleon accused the generals of cowardice ; whereupon cries arose, asking why he did not go himself; and Nicias, who was present, offered to resign his post as Strategus in favour of Cleon. Thus driven into a corner, Cleon declared he would finish the business in twenty days; and taking a few hundred men with him, set sail for Sphacteria. When he arrived, hé left Demosthenes to do all the work, to carry out, in fact, the scheme which he had already in hand ; and when the general and his troops had won a complete victory, he returned with them and the prisoners to Athens, having himself done nothing whatever except to return within twenty days. This was in 425 B.c., and the Knights was exhibited at the Lenaea of the following year.

The “ Knights” who compose the Chorus stand for the 1000 young men who constituted the

121

ARISTOPHANES

Athenian cavalry and, being drawn from the wealthier and more educated classes, are the natural enemies of demagogues. Demus is a respectable old householder who represents the sovereign people of Athens.

122

ae we ‘

TOY APAMATO® ILPOLOIIA — TIAPAATON | NIKIAZ olkérau AHMOZOENHZ)

- AAAANTOIQAHS XOPOE IIIEQN

123

: a ts te

IIWEIS

AHMOS@ENHS. “larratraiaé TOV KaK@yv, iatratai.

a / A 4 \ kak@s IladAayova tov vewvntov KaKov ? a a > / ¢ / abrato. BovAats amoXécevav ot Oeot. e€ o8 yap clonppnaey eis THY otKiar, mAnyas del mpooTpiBeras Tots oiKéTais.

NIKIAS. KaKtota 5790’ obrds ye mpOros ILadAayovev

AH.

NI.

AH.

AH.

AH.

NI. AH.

avrats duaBoAais. @ Kakddatpov, mHs exes; KakOs Kabdrep ov. A SF , > oe dedpd vuv mpdcedAs’, va / / 2\.7 / EvvavAlav KAavowpev OvAdprrov vopmov. kal NI. pod po, po pd, pd pd, wd pO, pd pd, po po. / / > > >? ~ a Ti kwupoped? dAAws; od éexpiv Cyreiv Twa owrnpiav v@v, GAAa pn KAdew ETL; tis obv yevour’ dv; Aé€ye av. od pev odv pot Adye, Wa p17) paxwpas.

@ In the foreground is a loose arrangement of stones, which

will,

later on, be taken to-represent the Pnyx. Behind are three

houses ; the central one, with a harvest-wreath over the door, is the abode of Demus ; whilst the others serve for Paphlagon, who is Cleon, and the Sausage-seller. Out of the house of Demus run two slaves, howling ; their masks represent the two famous Athenian generals, Nicias and Demosthenes.

124

10

q

THE KNIGHTS

pemostuenes.t 0! O! This Paphlagon,® with all

NICIAS.

DE.

NIC.

DE,

BOTH.

DE.

NIC, DE.

his wiles, This newly-purchased pest, I wish the Gods Would “ utterly abolish and destroy ”’! For since he entered, by ill-luck, our house, He’s always getting all the household flogged. I wish they would, this chief¢ of Paphlagons, Him and his lies ! Ha! how feel you, poor fellow ? Bad, like yourself. Then come, and let us wail A stave of old Olympus,? both together. (Sobbing) Mumu! Mumu! Mumu! Mumu! Mumu ! Pah! What’s the good of whimpering? Better far To dry our tears, and seek some way of safety. Which way? You, tell me. Rather, tell me you, Or else we'll fight.

» Tlagdaywy, a servile name describing the slave’s country ; but also =‘‘a blusterer,” from ragdd{w, cf. 919.

¢ mp@ros: ‘*first,”’ i.e. “worst.” diaBodr7 and diaSdddw are used regularly of C.’s “slanderous accusations”; ef. Thue. ii. 27. 4.

# A famous legendary flute-player ; here, however, spoken of as a poet.

125

ARISTOPHANES

NI. pa tov ’AmddAAw *yw pev ov* > > > A ~ > \ A / GAN cimé Oappdv, ira Kaye ool dpdcw. AH. 7@s dv ov pou AeEcras ape yp Acyew; > > ) ” A A ~ “A s Ni. GAA’ ovk Eve or TO OpeTTe. THs av obv TOTE etrroup’ av avro d7jra KopupevpuTucds 5 AH. pap pot ye, pa) pot, 7) SiacKkavductons a etpe Tw dardKwov amo Tob Seomdrov. NI. Adye 57) “‘pdAwpev’”’ Evvexes Wd EvddAaBodv. AH. Kal 61) Aéyw: pdodwper.

NI. efomobe vov ce LANE. \ avto”’ dali rob “ wodwpev.” AH. atbTo. NI. mavu Kadds.

womep depopevos vov dir pépa. mp@rov A€ye

To ‘‘ wodwpev,” etra 8 “adro,”’ Kareraywv

TUKVOV. AH. poAwpev adTo poAwpev adrowoAdmev. NI. "V5 ody 700; AH. v7) Ai, aay | ye mepl T® Séppare déd0Ka TovTovi Tov oiwvdv. NI. Tt dat;

AH. Oru) TO déppia. Sepopevenv dmépxeTat. > NI. Kpdrvora Toivuy TOV TrapovTw eorl vov, Oedv idvre mpoomecety TOU mpos Bpéras. AH. rotov Bpereréras'; éredv tyet yap Deovs; NI. €ywye.

1 Most mss. Bpéras: VM {perréras: Schol. Bperérras: ' Rogers Bpereréras, suggested also by Neil.

* From Eur. Hipp. 345, where Phaedra urges the nurse to put in words what she shrank from saying herself. ® An allusion to E.’s mother selling potherbs; ef. A. 478.

126

15

20

25

EEE

THE KNIGHTS, 14-33

NIC. By Apollo, no not I. You say it first, and then I'll say it after.

DE. Othat thou said’st the thing that I would say.*

nic. I’ve not the pluck. I wish I could suggest Some plan in smart Euripidean style.

DE. Don’tdoit! Don’t! Pray don’t be-chervil ?

me But find some caper-cutting trick¢® from master.

nic. Will you say sert, like that, speaking it crisply ?

DE. Of course I'll say it, sert.

NIC. Now, after sert Say de.

DE. De.

NIC. Yes, that’s very nicely said. Now, first say sert, and then say de, beginning Slowly at first, but quickening as you go.

DE. Aye ; seri-de, sert-de, sert, de-sert.

NIC. There 'tis ! Do you not like it ?

DE. Like it, yes ; but—

NIC. What ?

DE. ‘There’s an uncanny sound about desert.

nic. Uncanny? How?

DE. They flog deserters so.

nic. O then ’twere better that we both should go, And fall before the statues of the Gods.

DE. Stat-at-ues%isit? What, do you really think That there are Gods ?

NIC. I know it.

* dwéxwos: “a form of vulgar dance,” Schol. The

word also suggests ‘‘ moving off.”

4 The pious Nicias had in two tragic lines (¢f. Aesch. P.V. 224; S.a.T. 92, 93) suggested a resort to prayer, but his teeth chattered as he pronounced fpéras, and D. mocks him.

127

ARISTOPHANES

AH. Tow Xpwpevos TeKNpLw;

NI. ory Oeotow éxOpds ely. Ovi elkOTws ;

AH. €0 mpooPiBalers pe. GAN érépa trot oxemTéov. 35 BodAev TO mpayyo. Tots Oearaiow dpdow;

NI. od xeipov: Ev 5° avrods TapaurnodieBa., émtdnAov mpi Tots Tpoowrovow movelv, nv Tots emeot xalpwor Kal Tois mpdypact. |

AH. A€youn’ av 7189- v@v ydp €ore Seomorns 40, dypoucos dpyiv, kvapnoTpwé, dxpdxoros, Ajjos ILu«virns, dvaKxoAov YEpOvTLoV, mdKwpov. obtTos TH mpoTépa vovynvia emplato dodAov, Bupoodedmy, IladAaydva, TmavoupyOTarov Kal SiaBordirardy TWA. obros Katayvovs Tob y€povros Tovs Tpomovs, 6 Bupsoradhayav, dmoTecwv Tov SeamoTHV 7KaAd’, éOdmev’, exoAdKev’, eEnmara KookvAuatious akpo.ot, TovauTl A€éywv* ® Afjpe, Aotoat mp&rov exducdoas pilav, evlov, podnoov, evtpay’, exe TpusBorov. Bovder mapaba gou Soprrov ; clr’ avaprdaoas 6 Tt av TIS 7ypav oxevdon, TO Seomory . TlagAaycov KexdpioTas TodTo. Kal mpwnv y’

€uo0

palav pepaydtos ev IlvAwm Aakwvixny, TavoupyoTaTda Tws mepidpayav thapmacas abros mapeOnke THv tm’ euod pewaypyerny. nas 8 ameAatver, KovK eG TOV SeomTroTHV

2 bri el wh Foav Deol, odx dv Hunv Oeots éxOpds. Schol.

> Instead of his deme or place of residence, he is described as living in the-Pnyx where public assemblies were held.

¢ Beans were used for voting purposes.

4 Instead of ‘‘ with little coaxing speeches ” or the like.

128

NIC.

NIC,

THE KNIGHTS, 33-58

Know it! How? I’m such a wretched God-detested chap.” Well urged indeed ; but seek some other way.

Would you I told the story to the audience ?

Not a bad plan ; but let us ask them first

To show us plainly by their looks and cheer

If they take pleasure in our words and acts.

Tlltellthem now. We two have got a master,

Demus of Pnyx-borough,? such a sour old man,

Quick-tempered, country-minded, bean-con- suming,°

A trifle hard of hearing. Last new moon

He bought a slave, a tanner, Paphlagon,

The greatest rogue and liar in the world.

This tanning-Paphlagon, he soon finds out

Master’s weak points; and cringing down before him

Flatters, and fawns, and wheedles, and cajoles,

With little apish leather-snippings,? thus ;

O Demus,? try one case, get the three-obol,

Then take your bath, gorge, guzzle, eat your fill.

Would you I set your supper? ‘Then he'll seize

A dish some other servant has prepared,

And serve it up for master ; and quite lately

I'd baked / a rich Laconian cake at Pylus,

When in runs Paphlagon, and bags my cake,

And serves it up to Demus as his own.

But us he drives away, and none but he

® Here Demus deserts the Assembly for his other favourite haunt, the d:cacrjprov. There were 6000 dicasts and their fee was three obols a day (see W. Introd.). Here Demus is to get a full day’s pay for trying a single suit.

t pafar peuaxdros (from udcow, knead) is a play on wayyy Heuaxnuévov. Cleon is accused of filching from Demo- sthenes the victory which he had all but gained.

VOL. I K 129

ARISTOPHANES |

dAXrov Oepamevew, adda Bupaivny éxwv

devmvobvTos €aTws amocoPet Tods prTopas. 60

aoer dé xpnopovs: 6 dé yépav arBvdAda.

ra » ; eC oa /

6 8 adrov ws opd penaxkonKérTa,

TéeXVHVY TEeTOLNTAL. TOvs yap Evdov avTLKpUS

pevdh dSiaBadrer: Kdta paorryovpeba

¢ ae II A A de 62g + > ig

jets’ IlapAaywv dé mepiléwv tods oikéras

airtel, TapaTrer, SwpodoKel, A€ywv TAdE°

e-.- A \ 7 > 2. * ,

opare tov “YAav di ewe paotiyovpevov;

ef wy pm avaretoet’, amolaveiabe TiHpepov.

¢ a \ / > A / 7

nets de Sidopev> ei S€ pj, TaTovpevor

bm Tod yepovTos oKTamAdo.wa xéCopev.

vov obv avicavte dpovticowper, dyabé,

mrolay OO00v v@ TpeTT€ov Kal mpos Tiva.

, > > / \ ce / ” Yd , NI. KpatioT exeivyy THV “ wodwpev,” dyalé. AH. GAN’ ody oldv te Tov IladAayov’ oddev Aabetv:

> ~ A : ee | / > ” A A /

edopa yap adbros mavt’. exer yap TO oKéAos 7 A \ > / \ 7 7 > > ,

To pev ev IIlvAw, To 8” Erepov ev THKKANGIA.

toodvee 8° adtobd Biya dvaBeBnKoros

6 TpwKTos €oTw adtoxpyny,’ ev Xador,

Ta xeip’ ev Aitwdots, 6 5é vobds ev KAwmdav.

7, s an > a > A /

NI. Kpatiotov otv v@v amobaveiy, adAAa oKomeL, Omws av amobdvayev avdpuxwrara.

* For the vogue of oracles at this time ef, Thue. ii. 8. 2; ii. 28. 3.

> The Xdoves are selected because the name suggests xalve (ds eviptrpwxrov abroy duaBdd\d\ec: Schol.) just as AltwXors suggests alrety ** to beg.”

¢ Lit. ‘* Thief-deme

130

; there was an actual deme Kpwida,

DE,

THE KNIGHTS, 59-81

Must wait on master; there he stands through dinner

With leathern flap, and flicks’ away the speakers.

And he chants oracles,@ till the dazed old man

Goes Sibyl-mad; then, when he sees him mooning,

He plies his trade. He slanders those within

With downright lies ; so then we’re flogged, poor wretches,

And Paphlagon runs round, extorting, beg-

. ging,

Upsetting everyone ; and Mark, says he,

There's Hylas flogged ; that’s all my doing ; better

Make friends with me, or you'll be trounced to-day.

So then we bribe him off ; or if we don’t,

We're sure to catch it thrice as bad from master.

Now let’s excogitate at once, good fellow,

Which way to turn our footsteps, and to whom.

There’s nothing better than my sert, good fellow.

But nought we do is hid from Paphlagon.

His eyes are everywhere ; he straddles out,

One foot in Pylus, in the Assembly one.

So vast his stride, that at the self-same moment

His seat is in Chaonia,® and his hands

Are set on Begging, and his mind on Theft.¢

Well then, we had better die ; but just con- sider

How we can die the manliest sort of death.

131

ARISTOPHANES

~ aA ~ /, > “ > ,

AH. 7Q@s Ofta TAs yevour’ ay avdpiKwrara;

ni. BéAtiotov Hiv ala tavpevov mei.

6 MeptotokAéouvs yap Odvaros aipeTurepos. \ "> > > y » > lol /

aH. pa A’ aGAd dxparov otvov ayabod Saipovos. lows yap av xpyorov te BovAevoaipeba.

NI. 80U y’ akpatov. epi moTob yobv €oTi aot;

~ > “ v4 / / > mas 8 dv peOdwv xpnordov te BovAcdoair > / aviip 5 ; +

AH. dAnfes, odros; KpovvoxvTpoArpaxor «i. oivov od ToAuds eis émivovay Aowopetiv; olvov yap €Upois av TL TPAKTLKWTEPOV; Opds; oTav mivwow avOpwro, TOTE mAovrotet, Svampdrrovoet, vik@ow dixas,

> a > lon \ / evdoaovotow, whedrobor Todvs didous. > > 3¢ 7 / 7 w / aad’ e&éveyKée row TaXews olvov yxoa,

A ~ 7? ” \ / , Tov voov iv adpdw Kat A&dyw Tu SeEcov.

NI. olor, Ti 700” Huds epydce TH O@ OTD; > 4)? > > ” > > \ \ /

AH. aydO?+ Gd eveyn’: éyw S€ KarakdAwicopar. qv yap peOvo0G, mavra Tavtl KaTamaow BovAevpariwv Kal yrwpdiwv Kal voidiwv. ¢ > ~ Ld > > le ”

NI. Ws edtvyDs dtu odK eAjndOnv Eevdobev KAémtwv Tov olvov. —

/ ~

AH. etré por, LLadAayav ti dpa: > / / wre /

NI. émimaota AciEas Sypompal” 6 BdoKxavos péyKer peOdwv ev trator Bipoas vrrvos.

AH. (Ot vuv, dkpatrov éyKdvagdv jou todd omrovony.

A \ \ Cal > ~ / NI. AaBe 81) Kai ometcov ayalob Saipovos*

@ He is said to have so poisoned himself when unable to fulfil his promises to the Persian king; ef. Plut. Them. 31.

> Lit. “having licked up cakes made out of. confiscation sales, sprinkled with honey.” ¢ i.e. as a libation.

132

DE.

NIC.

DE.

NIC.

DE.

NIC.

DE.

NIC.

DE.

NIC.

DE.

NIC.

THE KNIGHTS, 82-106

The manliest sort of death? Let’s see; which is it ? Had we not better drink the blood of bulls ? *Twere fine to die Themistocles’s death.* Blood? no: pure wine, to the toast of Happy Fortune ! From that we'll maybe get some happy thought. Pure wine indeed! Is this a tippling matter ? How can one get, when drunk, a happy thought ? Aye,say you so, you water-fountain-twaddler? And dare you rail at wine’s inventiveness ? I tell you nothing has such go as wine. Why, look you now; ‘tis when men drink, they thrive, Grow wealthy, speed their business, win their suits, Make themselves happy, benefit their friends. Go, fetch me out a stoup of wine, and let me Moisten my wits, and utter something bright. O me, what good will all your tippling do ? Much ; bring it out ; I’ll lay me down awhile ; For when I’m drunk, I’ll everything bespatter With little scraps of schemes, and plots, and plans. I’ve got the wine ; nobody saw me take it. Wasn't that luck ? What’s Paphlagon about ? Drunk! Snoring on his back amidst his hides, The juggler ; gorged with confiscation pasties.? Come, tinkle out a bumper of pure wine, To pour.° Here, take ; and pour to Happy Fortune.

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ARISTOPHANES

bd is \ lol / lon ,

Edy’ Ake THY TOD Saipovos Tob I papviov.

> a > / \ A 4, > > > / AH. @® Satyov ayalé, cov To BovAevp’, odK euov. NI. elm’, avTiBoAd, Ti €oTL;

AH. TOUS xpnopovds TAX KAébas eveyke Tod IladAaydvos evdobev, rat ews Kabevde.

NI. Tar. arap Tob daipovos

déd0ryx’ ws pr) TevVEowar KaKodaipovos. AH. dépe vuv eyw "wavT@ mpocaydyw Tov xoa, \ ~ 7 > ” \ / / Tov voby Ww’ apdw Kai A€yw Tu deEvov. . NI. ws peyar’ 6 IladAaywv mépderat Kal péyKerat, 11 LA i: > ‘ \ e A \ 4 wor €Aalov adrov Tov tepov xpnopov AaBwv, ovrrep pddvot éedvdarrev. AH. ® copwrare,

Pf 2% > / a” 3 > ~ \ > ” na dep adrov, Ww’ avayv@: od 8 eyxeov meiv > / 4/ > A. MP Oiawew > / avioas Tt. dép’ idw ti dp’ eveotw adroit. ® Oya. Sos pow Sos TO woTHpiov Taxv. 1

NI. id0v+ ti dno” 6 xpynopds; AH. étépav eyyxeov. > a / w «ce fF ” ” NI. €v Tots Aoyious eveoti “‘ érépay Eyxeov’’ ; AH. @® Bax. NI. Tl €0Tt; A \ / 4, AH. d0s TO moTHpLov TAaXv. al > ¢ / > Lond an / NI. TOAAD y’ 6 Baxis expijro TH mornpio. AH. ® puape IladAaywv, tar dp’ édvddrrov TaAaL, 1 TOV TEpl ceavTod ypyopov cppwdav. NI. TU); > ay? ” > \ ¢ > , AH. evrad&?’ eveotw adbros ws amdAdvutat.

* He bids drink to ‘‘ Good Luck ” in good liquor. The fame of ‘“‘ Pramnian wine” is Homeric (Jl. xi. 639; Od, iv. 235), but little else is known about it: see R. d

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THE KNIGHTS, 107-127

Quaff, quaff the loving-cup of Pramnian 4 Fortune. O Happy Fortune, thine’s the thought, not mine ! Pray you, what is it ? Steal from Paphlagon, While yet he sleeps, those oracles of his, And bring them out. I will ; and yet I’m fearful That I may meet with most uzhappy Fortune. Come now, I'll draw the pitcher to myself, Moisten my wits, and utter something bright. Paphlagon’s snoring so! He never saw me. I’ve got the sacred oracle which he keeps So snugly. O you clever fellow you, I'll read it ; hand it over ; you the while Fill me the cup. Let’s see: what have we here ? O! Prophecies! Give me the cup directly. Here! What do they say ? Fill me another cup. Fill me another? Is that really there ? O Bakis °! Well? Give me the cup directly. Bakis seems mighty partial to the cup. O villainous Paphlagon, this it was you feared, This oracle about yourself ! What is it ? Herein is written how himself shall perish.

» A Boeotian seer ; ¢f. 1003 and Index. 135

ARISTOPHANES

NI. Kal 7s; ov ec A ” 4 AH. omws; 6 xpnopos avrTiKpus A€yet Os pata pev orummevoTwmAns ylyverat, ds mp@tos e&er THs moAcws Ta TpPaypara. NI. els odroolt mwAns. Ti tobvTebOev; Aeéye. AH. peta TodTov adlis mpoBatomwAns, SevTEpos. ni. d0o TwWoE TAA. Kal Ti TOvde xpr Taleiv; AH. Kpateiv, Ews erepos avip BdeAvpwrepos adrtod yévowro: peta dé tabr’ amdAAvrat. > / \ 4 ce / envylyverar yap BupoomwAns 6 IladdAaydr, dpmat, kexpaxtyns, KuxAoBdpov dwviv exw. NI. Tov mpoBatoTwAny tv dp’ amoAécba xpewv to BupoommdAov; AH. , vy Av’. NI. oot deiAaos. / > an“ ” tA 4 a 4 md0ev obv av ett yévouro 7wHAns «ls povos ; AH. 7 éotlv els, brephud Téxvyv Exwr. NI. elm’, avTiBorAd, tis eoTw; AH. elTw; NI. vy Ala. AH. dAAavTomwAns €o8’ 6 Tobrov e&eAdv. > 4 s / ~ / NI. dAAavtomwAns; @® Ildcewdov tijs réxvys. dhépe 700 Tov avdpa Tobdrov e&eupjaoper; AH. Cnt@pmev adrov.

> > eo\ , NI. aAd’ 6dt mpocepxeTat womep Kata Oeiov eis ayopar. AH. @ pardpre

aAAavtom@Aa, Seipo Seip’, @ didrare,

* A demagogue ; called Eucrates by the Scholiast ; ¢f. 254. » Lysicles; married Aspasia after the death of Pericles ;

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THE KNIGHTS, 128-148

How shall he ? How? ‘The oracle says straight out, That first of all there comes an oakum-seller 4 Who first shall manage all the State’s affairs. One something-seller; well, what follows, ray? Next after him there comes a sheep-seller.? , Two something-sellers ; what’s this seller’s fortune ? He'll hold the reins, till some more villainous rogue Arise than he ; and