BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY 7 * ri . a mm 3 9999 10252 541 5 & . f ri Gas te D Cs Dit Zo Added. i Sa Me © “ ents Py ne Boston Public Library. STA CRB CORSTOA, NERTERA SCAPANIOIDES. I ~ a2. Ree ee Bares ~ EDITED BY DAVID WOOSTER, F.R.ELS., s ASSISTANT-SEORETARY TO THE ROYAL COMMISSION ON SCIENTIFIC INSTRUCTION AND THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE: | Soint-ditr of the latest editions of Loudon’s Encyclopedia of ea and Ec Loudows Hortus Poi igle axe ete. SECOND SERIES. ae LONDON: GEORGE BELL & SONS, YORK STREET, COVENT GARDEN. M DCCC LXXIV, CONTEHN TS. Androsace lanuginosa : Anomatheca cruenta Anthericum (Paradisia) Liliastram Arabis Androsace blepharophylla superba Arenaria verna Asperula arcadiensis Astragalus monspessulanus Calandrinia umbellata . Callirrhoé involucrata Campanula alpina Barrelieri : linifolia longifolia Centaurea phrygia Colchicum variegatum Cornus canadensis Crocus sativus grecus Cyclamen repandum Dianthus Carthusianorum glacialis Epilobium obcordatum _ Erigeron glaucum - Hrodium petreeum Erpetion reniforme Erythronium americanum Fritillaria Meleagris Gentiana bavarica verna . Globularia nana Helianthemum roseum Horminum pyrenaicum Hyacinthus amethystinus Hypericum Burseri . Iberis jucunda Iris reticulata ; Linaria hepaticefolia villosa Linum alpinum - Leontopodium alpinum: Lewisia rediviva Lychnis alpina , Micromeria Piperella Nertera scapanidides Nierembergia rivularis Cinothera pumila Oxytropis pyrenaica Pentstemon crassifolium | Pentstemon humilis . Phlox crassifolia : divaricata : : ° subulata Polygala Chamebuxus Potentilla ambigua Primula cortusdides amcoena marginata minima nivalis Piedmontana . pulcherrima scotica Pyrola uniflora Ramondia pyrenaica ; Ranunculus parnassifolius Rhexia virginica Rhododendron Chamecistus ferrugineum Romanzovia sitchensis Rubus arcticus ~ ; Salvia taraxacifolia Saponaria ocymdéides : Saxifraga aizdides PB. autumnalis ambigua mutata Scilla sibirica ; Scutellaria macrantha Sedum Kamtschaticum spurium Soldanella minima | Stachys corsica | Statice emarginata incana nana | Symphyandra pendula _ Teucrium pyrenaicum | Thymus alpinus striatus | Trichinium Manglesii Trillium erandiflorum Triteleia laze uniflora Veronica incisa prostrata spicata Vinca herbacea Viola biflora obliqua len leNSH sie Ae NES: STACHYS ‘CORSICA. PLATE I.—=-FIG. I. Stachys corsica, Persoon. The Corsican Hedge-Nettle. Natural Order—Laziata.* The Labiate Family. THoucH there are a good many species of Stachys, very few of them are at all ornamental; and most of these are more remarkable for their leaves than for the beauty of their flowers. S. lanata is now, perhaps, the best known species, as it has been for some time much used as an edging plant, especially in our public parks and gardens, where a striking effect is produced by the densely woolly silvery stems and leaves. 8S. coccinea has spikes of brillant scarlet flowers. S. corsica, which produces its small pink flowers in July and August, was introduced from Corsica in 1823. It grows about six inches high, thrives in common garden soil (as do all the other species), and is readily increased by division. There is a variety with white flowers. ‘The generic name (Stachys, a spike) is given in allusion to the flowers being produced in spikes. The figure on our plate is taken from a plant obligingly forwarded by Mr. Niven, Curator of the Botanic Gardens, Hull. * For a description of the order Labidte, see vol.i., p. 64. Ii. B NERTERA SCAPANIOIDES. | PEATE I--—-FIG. “11. Neértera scapanidides. The Scapania-like Nertera. Natural Order—Rusiacem. The Madder Family. Nértera is a small genus of creeping herbaceous plants, of which one species is widely diffused in the Southern Hemisphere, the others being natives of New Zealand. They are suitable for growing on rockwork, or in large pans, and should be planted in moist sandy loam. N. depréssa is a small plant with egg-shaped leaves and greenish inconspicuous flowers (produced in the axils of the leaves), which are succeeded by small round berries of a pretty orange colour. The plant has creeping stems which root freely and form dense dwarf tufts. It is increased by division. N. scapanioides, like N. depréssa, grows in dense tufts, and will be seen to advantage if planted on the lower ledges of rockwork. For an opportunity of figuring this plant I have to express my thanks to Mr. Niven. Nértera belongs to the order Rubiacew, which is a large one, con- sisting of trees, shrubs, or herbaceous plants, with simple, entire, opposite or verticillate leaves and intervening stipules. In most of the plants the ovary is surrounded by the calyx, and placed below the rest of the flower: the corolla has a long tube, lined with the dilated receptacle, in which the stamens are inserted, the filaments being very short, and the anthers nearly or entirely hidden in the corolla. In many cases the segments of the calyx remain on the ripe fruit, as they do in.the apple and the pear, forming what is called the eye. Most of the plants of the order are from the hotter parts of the world, especially within the tropics; but several of the genera are British weeds. There are not only many plants of great beauty in the NERTERA SCAPANIOIDES. g order, but also many which possess important medicinal and useful qualities. The well-known Peruvian bark is produced by several species of the genus Oinchona, of which C. micrantha, OC. Condaminea, and C. lanceolata are the best. The beautiful and delightfully fragrant Incilia gratissima is nearly allied to Cinchina. The Cape Jasmine (Gardenia radicans) is another plant of the order, well known for the fragrance of its white flowers. There are also a great many very beautiful species in the genera Bowvdrdia, Burchéllia, Ixora, Musse'nda, Rondelétia, Portlandia, and Wendlandia. One of the most useful and important plants of the order is the Coffee-tree (Coffea arabica), as its seeds furnish us with that most grateful beverage coffee. The flowers of the Coffee-tree, which are white, differ from those of the other Rubiicew in the tube of the calyx being very short, and disappearing when the ovary begins to swell; and in the filaments of the stamens being sufficiently long to allow the anthers to be seen above the throat of the corolla. The limb of the corolla is five cleft; and the style is bifid. When the flowers fall, each ovary becomes distended into a berry, or rather drupe, of a deep red colour, containing the nut, in which are two seeds, flat on one side with a deep longitudinal groove, and convex on the other, the flat sides being placed together. These seeds are the coffee in the raw state. Another very useful plant belonging to this order is that which furnishes the drug called Ipecacuanha, viz.: Cephiélis Ipecacuanha, a little creeping-rooted, half herbaceous plant, with small white flowers, found in damp shady forests in Brazil. The best brown Ipecacuanha is the powdered root of this plant; but similar properties are found in the roots of other plants of this order, as in Richardsonia rosea and . scabra. Ipecacuanha is also furnished by the roots of other plants belonging to other orders, as two or three South American species of Viola, and a species of Huphorbia. The root of one species of the genus which gives the name to this order, viz.: Rubia (the Madder), furnishes the most important crimson dye, Madder (the principal red‘ dye obtained from the vegetable kingdom). ‘The species is f. tinctoria, which is cultivated with success in the South of Europe, though its cultivation does not answer in England. Of the British plants which belong to this order, there are Rubia peregrina, the several species of Bedstraw (Galium), the Field Madder (Sherdrdia arvensis), and the sweet-scented Woodruff (Aspérula odordta), ne ee aa + av ANTHERICUM (PARADISIA) LILIASTRUM. ad ANTHERICUM (PARADISIA) LILIASTRUM. PLATE II. Anthéricum (Paradisia) Lilidstrum, WitupENow. St. Bruno’s Lily. Natural Order—AspHopELace®.* The Asphodel Family. THERE are some very beautiful species of FiG., 1: Oxytripis pyrendica. The Pyrenean Oxytropis, or Mountain Milk Vetch. Natural Order—Lecuminos#.* The Leguminous Family. THE species forming the genus Oxytropis were formerly included in that of Astragalus, the Milk Vetch, from which they were separated by Professor de Candolle, who gave the name of Oxytropis to his new genus, in allusion to the sharp-pointed keel of the flowers. Several of the species, of which O. montuna is the type, grow in low close tufts, without stems, and are, therefore, suitable for rockwork. O. pyrendica is a very dwarf species from the Pyrenees, having pinnate leaves, clothed with silky hairs, and purplish lilac flowers, which are produced in rather short racemes in early summer. It should be grown in sandy loam, and it may be increased either by seed or by division. The figure on the plate is taken from a plant kindly forwarded by Mr. Niven. * A description of the order Legwmindse is given in vol.1., p. 89. ii. C 10 ARENARIA VERNA. PLATE IV.——FIG. II. Arenaria vérna, Linnzus. The Vernal Sandwort. Natural Order—CaRyoruytuacez.*™ The Pink and Carnation Family. TuE species of Avenaria are small herbaceous plants, found chiefly in dry sandy situations and on alpine rocks. The flowers of most of the kinds are white, but there are three or four with reddish purple flowers. The seeds of many are beautiful objects for examination under the microscope. ‘The generic name is from arena, sand, in which most of the species are found growing. A. vérna is a British species, found in rocky mountainous pastures in the North of England and in Wales, and not unfrequently about Edinburgh and in other places in Scotland. The root, which is per- ennial, strikes deeply into the crevices of the rocks, sending up numerous slender stems, from three to four inches high, thickly clothed with leaves towards the base, and terminating in few-flowered, forked panicles. The flowers appear from May to July. The plant is easily increased by seed or by division, and it is most suitable for ledges on the higher parts of rockwork. My thanks are due to Mr. Niven for an opportunity of figuring this plant. * The character of the order Caryophyllaceew will be found in vol.i., p. 1. CAMPANULA LINIFOLIA, V Wi MATA VIP] Wl sl AR XACIFOLIA, < nN ey & ay > + 7 eek ee PR AY eee ie Vie #y 4 fas sa ay Seppe hw tie - ™ Ay ; rh ts Se ear im) 8 te. ‘oe a ntiennid " * : de = ee ' ‘i, bn (ABig » < wor ; ; : gin H ‘, ..*. Ce ae nd 7 Beton 75 te 11 CAMPANULA LINIFOLIA. PLATE V.—=FIG. I. Campanula linifolia, Hayxe. The Flax-leaved Bell-flower. Natural Order—Campanutaces.* The Bell-flower Family. Tis very neat and pretty little Campanula was. introduced from Switzerland in 1819. It flowers from June to August. It igs quite hardy, and may be grown in a pot or in the open garden. It requires a loamy soil, and it may be increased by dividing the roots. SALVIA TARAXACIFOLIA. PLATE V.——FIG. II. Sdlvia tarawacifolia. The Taraxacum-leaved Sage. Natural Order—Lasiatz.¢ The Labiate Family. Salvia is a large genus of herbaceous plants or under-shrubs, the leaves of which have generally a rough or coarsely-wrinkled appear- ance, and an aromatic smell (like the common Sage), the flowers being commonly produced in spikes, two or three together, from a bract or leaf. Some of the species are extremely ornamental as greenhouse plants, * A description of the order Campanulacee will be found in vol.i, p. 8; and for other species of Campdnula, see pp. 8, 25, 67, 79, 107, and 120. + The character of the order Labidte is given in vol.i., p. 64. 12 SALVIA TARAXACIFOLIA. or as border flowers. They are all of easy culture, thriving in light soil, somewhat rich, and they are readily propagated by seeds, by cuttings, or by dividing the roots. Salvia is from salvere, to save, in allusion to the supposed healing qualities of the Sage. S. tarawacifolia, which has dandelion-like leaves and pretty delicate pink flowers, should be planted in the flower-border. i Roaton Public Library: Bay MM OCS) Sol Ral Avis. HERPEBLTION RENIPORM B&B. val £} [ory 5 + . ae. | Dyed ye 2) ae zi i Pp y ; F a ae kia. Mpa’ hae eed di y= 93 : tee cs waa Pts 2 dicen” Fe) a nates . > See Me Geer Map &“ ’ a - 7 * ’ ¢ : ; | i | 7 e. i) ix {-* ne ; , he ee ee - eae “4 13 THYMUS STRIATUS. PLATE VI.——FIG. I. Thy mus striatus, Vaut. The Striped Thyme. Natural Order—Lapiata.* The Labiate Family. Tus pretty little Thyme is a native of Algiers. It produces its flowers (which are of a delicate mauve) in May. The figure on the plate is taken from a plant obligingly forwarded by Mr. Niven. ERPETION RENIFORME. PLATE VI.——FIG, IT: Erpetion reniforme, Swrnt. The reniform Spurless Violet. Natural Order—Viotacex®. The Violet Family. THE species forming the genus Hrpétion (from erpetos, trailing, and ion, a violet) are elegant little plants, well adapted for rockwork, growing in sandy peat, and easily increased by separating their run- ners. They require, however, protection during the winter. H. reniforme, which was introduced from New Holland in 1823, grows in tufts about two inches high, and produces its pretty blue and white flowers throughout the summer. It may be used as an edging plant with good effect in the flower garden. For an opportunity of figuring this plant I have to express my obligations to Mr. Niven. * The order Labidte will be found described in vol.i., p. 64. 14 ERPETION RENIFORME. Frpetion is included in the order Violacece, which consists, for the most part, of hardy herbaceous plants, some of which are remarkable for their delightful fragrance, others for their brilliant colours, and all for their neatness. They are natives of the temperate or cold zones of both hemispheres, often growing at great elevations above the sea. The Sweet Violet (Viola odorata) and the Heart’s-ease (V. tricolor) are known by every one, and general favourites. The medical pro- perties of the plants in this order are found chiefly in their roots: they are more or less emetic. One kind of Ipecacuanha is obtained from the root of a Brazilian Violet. 7. Aes ae, o4? -k F ed >) ae Pen Pe ot qT | F. Scilla sibirica, A1ton. The Siberian Squill. Natural Order—Asruopetacem.* The Asphodel Family. THis is a native of Persia and Asia Minor, and it is one of the most beautiful of the Squill: from the brilliancy and intensity of the colour of the flowers, which are of an azure blue, and very graceful, appearing in March and April before the leaves. It is very suitable for growing on rockwork, or for planting as an edging to beds in a garden of spring flowers. It should be grown in good sandy loam, and the bulbs should be taken up and divided every second or third year. The variety S. s. amce'nula has smaller and paler flowers, and is not equal in beauty to the species. SAXIFRAGA AIZOIDES 6 AUTUMNALIS. PLATE IX.-—FIG. II. Sauifraga aizdides B autumnalis. The Yellow Mountain Saxifrage. Natural Order—SaxtrraGacex.¢ The Saxifrage Family. S. aizdides is an evergreen British species, found near mountain rills and springs in the North of Hngland, in Wales, and in Scotland * The character of the order Asphodelacece will be found in vol.i., p. 57. f+ For a description of the order Sawifragdcece, see vol.i, p. 40; and for other species of Sawifraga, see pp. 39, 82, and 110, SAXIFRAGA AIZOIDES B AUTUMNALIS. and Ireland, growing in tufts, and producing its yellow flowers, speckled with red, on upright stems during the summer and autumn. It should be planted in masses in moist peat. iM is easily increased by seed or by division. — NG | ; Mr. Syme considers the S. autwmndlis of Linnaeus to be the variety of this species with the leaves sparsely ciliated. hens / 1 se! am ia OPS as HLEIA | TRIT AL nae} He: rei i? eee ade ee Zi ie A ee > 21 TRITELEIA UNIFLORA. PLATE X. Triteleia uniflora, Linpuey. The One-flowered Triteleia. Natural Order—Aspuopetacem.* The Asphodel Family. Triteleiw is a small genus of pretty bulbous plants, the general appearance of the flowers bearing a great resemblance to those of the genus Brodie’a. They are easily grown in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand, and are readily increased by offsets, or by seeds. The generic name (from treis, three, and teleios, complete) was given in allusion to all the parts which compose the flowers being arranged in threes. T’. uniflora is a native of Mendoza, where it was found originally by Dr. Gillies, and whence it was introduced in 1836. The flowers are very pretty, but unfortunately the plant smells powerfully of garlic. There are two varieties, one of which (7. w. conspicua) has flowers larger than those of the species, and the other (7. u. lilacina) has flowers of a pretty lilac colour. * The character of the order Asphodelacee is given in vol.i,, p. 57. _ . e Ay , . e += 4 * i Pa ' { dhe . - ’ iy y ‘ ‘ A, . A. TT Pio SN eis A AlN Re PETRA XI UM, ERODIUM ties wet he = SE eee Ee es = ay Da ie hese xl < Behe > » ed 23 POTENTILLA AMBIGUA. PLATE XI.-—-FIG: I. Potentilla ambigua, Camprss. The Ambiguous Cinquefoil, or Three-toothed Himalayan Potentilla. Natural Order—Rosaceaw.* The Rose Family. Tue genus Potentilla is very nearly allied to the Strawberry, the principal difference being in the fruit, which in the Strawberry is of a fine flavour and juicy, while in the Potentilla it is dry and insipid. All the Potentillas have compound leaves, like the Strawberry, with the stipules adhering to the petioles. The numerous species (many of which are pretty) succeed very well in loamy soil, and they are increased by division. The name of Potentilla is from potens—powerful, in allusion to the supposed medical qualities of some of the species. P. ambigua is a distinct, hardy, Himalayan species (introduced in 1840), with a compact habit of growth and large yellow flowers, which are -produced abundantly during the summer months. It was found by Jacquemont and also by Captain Henry Strachey, growing in the fissures of rocks in Kanaor, near Rogui, at an elevation of nine thou- sand feet above the level of the sea, in about lat. 32°, long. H. 783°; and thence it appears to extend eastward through Nepal to Sikkim- Himalaya, where it was found by Dr. Hooker in woods at an elevation of from twelve to thirteen thousand feet. It is most nearly allied to P. eriocérpa of Wallich. The plant is a free-growing perennial, increasing rapidly by its stoloniferous roots, and soon forming a large patch. * The order Rosdcece will be found described in vol.i., p. 71. 24 ERODIUM PETRAUM. PLATE XI.—FIG. II. Erodium petréum, WittpEnow. The Rock Heron’s Bill. Natwral Order—Gurantacex.* The Geranium Family. THE species forming the genus Hrédiwm are mostly hardy perennials and annuals, several of them being British plants. They differ from the Geraniums principally in the seed-vessels, the awns of which are bearded inside, and twist up spirally, adhering by their points to the top of the style; whereas in the seed-vessels of the Geraniums the awns are smooth inside, and they twist or coil up in a revolute manner. The name of Hrddiwm is from erodios, a heron, and alludes to the seed-vessel resembling the head and beak of that bird. Hi. petreeum is a very pretty little species, introduced from the South of Hurope in 1640, and very suitable for the ledges of rockwork in warm situations. The leaves are from two to four inches in length, much divided, and soft and velvety to the touch. The flowers, which are of a beautiful purplish rose-colour (sometimes white and veined), are produced in June and July on stalks from four to six inches high, the number on each stalk varying from three to five. The leaves and flower-stalks are densely clothed with hairs. A deep gravelly or sandy soil is most suitable for this plant, and it may be propagated by division or by seed. * The character of the order Geranidacee is given in vol. i, p. 22. eo POLYGALA CHAMABUXUS. THEUCRIUOUM,. PYRENALCUM, XII bs anima Hit POLYGALA CHAMAZBUXUS. Pua l ee allow VIGS TY: Poly gala Chameebiwus, Wittpenow. The Box-leaved Milkwort. Natural Order—Potyeatacea.* The Milkwort Family. Tuis elegant little evergreen shrub rarely exceeds a foot in height, having leaves like those of the box, and flowering from May to October, but most abundantly in May and June. LHach flower is produced on a peduncle proceeding from a kind of three-leaved cup, formed of floral leaves, the true calyx being composed of three leaves, which are nearly white: the two outermost petals (which are similar to the wings of a papilionaceous flower) are also white, or nearly so; the third petal, which forms a kind of tube and contains the eight stamens and the pistil, bemg white at the base, but yellow towards the extremity, where it changes by degrees to a bright bay colour. There is a variety having the calyx and wings of a beautiful purple colour. The plant has creeping roots, thrives extremely well in bog earth on a shady border, and is readily increased. It is a native of the Alps of Austria and Switzerland, and was introduced in 1658. * The order Polygalacec will be found described in vol.i., p. 74; and for other species of Poly'gala, see pp. 74, and 180. 26 TEUCRIUM PYRENAICUM. PLATE XII.—FIG. II. Teucriwm pyrenaicum, WittpENow. The Pyrenean Germander. Natural Order—Lasiatz.* The Labiate Family. THE species of Teueriwm are under-shrubs or herbaceous plants of little beauty, but several of them are aromatic. They are of the easiest culture, succeeding well in common garden soil, and are increased by division and by seeds. The name has been given to the genus, because Teucer, the Trojan Prince, is said by Pliny to have been the first to employ the plant medicinally. T’. pyrenaicum, which was introduced from the Pyrenees in 1731, grows about six inches high, and produces its flowers in terminal clusters from June to August. The figure on the plate is from a plant kindly sent by Mr. Niven. * The character of the order Labidte will be found in vol. i., p. 64. —) is brary, i VL thhe Boston Pr : . ALPINA. SPICAT A, NICA ERO V XIII ~ Ee Sse. Srey. ; 4 » ; 7 Bbyi tae = > , : = a »,= ¥ = an oe o - > ’ _— . . ~.. Fy 2 ‘ - , — “5 ) iz , a of 5 ‘ 9 - . | . » . ’ i 2 Zz = . 4 be i gf + ada i : : > ’ 2 ’ + 4 : Pa ; “ —_ - = ’ ~ _ ” i - - - ' 7 4 . - . : - » ‘<¥ r . ‘ — > = , of . 4 7 i . ”* . 4 J - * * > ~ . “ « - = “a, : s f ; , 7 ' . i - “ . = . . .* . ' : » ‘ , « - ix) . ‘ — . ° _ ™) “4 om a ; —— : \ 24% ods = 4 i: . Me ; ‘a . | 4 - ' ; a ’ vical , 2a 31 VIOLA OBLIQUA. PLATE XV.-—FIG. I. a Viola obliqua, Wittpenow. The Oblique-flowered or large American Violet. Natural Order—Vioracen.* The Violet Family. Viola is an extensive genus of low-growing herbaceous plants, mostly with violet or white flowers, and well adapted for the flower-border, for rockwork, or for growing in pots. The Sweet Violet (V. odorata) is a favourite flower with every one on account of its delightful fra- grance, and its early appearance. It is a native of every part of Europe, in woods, and on warm banks. The Heart’s-ease (V. tricolor) is another well-known species, of which there are many very beautiful varieties. Of the numerous other species, many are rarely seen in private gardens, though well deserving of attention. The name of Viola is said to be derived from Jo, who, when transformed into a cow, is fabled to have eaten violets as the first food she took. | V. obliqua, which was introduced from North America in 1762, grows from six to ten inches high, has numerous heart-shaped leaves, and produces its large showy flowers in the early part of the summer. It requires a light soil, and it is propagated by dividing the roots. It is sometimes found in collections under the name of V. cucullata. I am indebted to Messrs. Backhouse and Son for an opportunity of figuring this plant. * For the character of the order Violdcee, see p. 14 of this volume. 32 CALANDRINIA UMBELLATA. PLATE XV.-——-FIG. II. Calandrinia umbellata, Ruiz anp Pavon. The Umbellate Calandrinia. Natwral Order—Portutacrez. The Purslane Family. Tue Calandrinias are ornamental succulent plants, which are generally treated as annuals, although properly they are not so, as they may be preserved in the greenhouse through the winter, and, in time, so treated, one species (C. grandiflora) will become shrubby. They should be planted in good, well-drained, loamy soil, mixed with peat, in warm sunny situations, either on rockwork or in the flower-border. The generic name was given in honour of J. L. Calandrini, a Genoese botanist. | C. umbellata, which was introduced from Chili in 1836, grows about six inches high, and has much-branched, prostrate stems. The bright purplish crimson flowers begin to appear in June, and continue appearing for two or three months. Though this species is a half- shrubby plant, it is, perhaps, better to treat it as an annual, and to raise it from seed every year. | I have to thank Mr. Niven for obligingly forwarding the plant from which the figure in our plate is taken. Calandrinia belongs to the order Portuldacew, which consists of succulent shrubs or herbaceous plants, which are found in dry barren situations, or on the sea-shore, in various parts of the world. They are insipid and inodorous, and destitute, so far as is known, of any important medicinal properties. The only plants of the order of any known use are the common Purslane of the Greeks (Portulaca olericea) and Claytonia perfoliata, both of which are occasionally used in salads. The former has, indeed, been used from all antiquity. as a pot-herb, and in salads, on account of its cooling and antiscorbutic qualities. In all the plants of the order the flowers have a distinct calyx i we ee CALANDRINIA UMBELLATA. erally of two sepals only), which remains on till the seeds are ripe; a corolla of five regular petals, which close in the absence of the The stamens are numerous; there is a single style, or none; d there are several stigmas, much divided. The capsule is dry and one-celled, and opens naturally when ripe, splitting into three or four hy Pics. The SER are “Aas and are attached to a central placenta. 3 ‘The remarkably thick fleshy leaves of the plants belonging to this order (of which an example may be seen in the leaves of Calandrinia discolor) serve as a mark by which they may be readily distinguished a other plants having similarly shaped flowers. _ The most ornamental plants of the order are contained in the genera _ Weiandrinia, Claytonia, Portulaca, and Talinwn. Boston Prdlic Library, ERIGERON GLAUCUM. XVI ERIGERON GLAUCUM. PLATE XVI. Erigeron glaticum, Kur. The Shrubby Erigeron. Natwral Order—Compositz.* The Composite Family. THERE are several British species of Hrigeron, well known under the name of Flleabane, but having little beauty to recommend them. Some of the American species, however, are deserving of attention as border-flowers. All the kinds grow readily in good garden soil, and they are easily increased by division in the spring. The generic name Hrigeron signifies “soon becoming old,” and is given in allusion to the worn-out appearance which many of the species have, even when in flower. FH, glaueum was introduced from South America in 1812. When in flower it somewhat resembles A’ster alpinus. The florets of the lilac- coloured ray are rather broader than those of other species of the genus. The plant grows about a foot high, is of easy culture, and it is readily increased by dividing the root. The figure in our plate is from a plant which Mr. Niven kindly sent. * The order Compdsite will be found described in vol.i., p. 16. <2) Age eey . J PREM UAL SA, So Pes. THY MU Sha PN Ss. XVII i i bd -~PRIMULA SCOTICA. PLATE XVII.—FIG. I. Primula scdtica, Str W. J. Hooker. The Scotch Primrose. Natwral Order—Primvutacen.* The Primrose Family. v7 ‘a fas i. s, » “ Sg iY py ‘Tae Primula scética is considered by some to be a variety of the pity little P. farinosa,+ with broader oe shorter flower-stems, and of Eiodlatidshice, and also in the Gree Islands, in damp pastures. The flowers are of a rich bluish purple, with a yellow centre, and are produced in April or May. ‘The leaves are covered with powder on the underside; and the calyx and flower-stalks are also powdered. ‘This very interesting and beautiful little Primrose is very suitable planting on rockwork, and it should be grown in a mixture of ‘mo oist sandy peat and loam. It may be increased by seed. i am indebted to Mr. Niven for an opportunity of figuring this . ¥ -* The character of the order Primuldcece will be found in vol. i., p. 14. : + Already described in. vol. i., p. 140. THYMUS ALPINUS. PLATE XVII.—FIG. II. Thymus alpinus, Persoox. The Alpine Thyme. Natural Order—Lasiatz.* The Labiate Family. of the Alps of Southern Europe, whence it was introduced in 1731. The purplish flowers are produced from June to September. ~* The character of the order Labidte will be found | in vol. i., p. 64; and fo ai Ee ue of the genus Thymus, see p. 78. > . Se * Ce Set Pe PLACINTHUS AMBETHYS TIN US. DIANTHUS CARTHUSIANORUM., aS XVIII —_ 39 HYACINTHUS AMETHYSTINUS. PLATE XVIII.—FIG. I. Hyacinthus amethy'stinus, Witupexnow. The Amethyst-coloured Hyacinth. Natural Order—AsrHovELacex.* The Asphodel Family. THERE are not many distinct species in the genus Ayacinthus, and of these the best known is Jf. orientalis (the Common or Eastern Hyacinth), of which there are the innumerable varieties now grown every year in the open garden, in pots, and in glasses. The generic name is from [Hyacinthus, who is fabled as a beautiful youth beloved by Apollo, by whom he was accidentally killed with a quoit, and from whose blood sprang the flower to which Apollo gave his name. Hf. amethy'stinus is a beautiful little bulbous plant, a native of Spain (whence in was introduced by Miller in 1759), with deeply channelled leaves, and racemes of light blue flowers, which appear in May and June. A light sandy soil, in a warm and somewhat sheltered situation, will be found most suitable for this pretty Hyacinth, which deserves to be more generally grown than it is at present. It succeeds very well, also, in pots, and thus grown its clusters of flowers will produce a very beautiful and striking effect. It may be increased by dividing the bulbs. * The character of the order Asphodelacee has been already given in vol. i, p: 57. en es = ‘&: DIANTHUS CARTHUSIANORUM. PLATE XVIlI.—FIG. II. Dianthus Carthusianorum, Linnzus. The Carthusians’ Pink. 7 Natural Order—Canyoruyitacem.* The Pink and Carnation Family. in 1573. ae not so showy as many of the other kinds of F it has a very pretty effect when sown or planted in patches, as it continue to produce a succession of flowers during the whole of summer and autumn. A light sandy loam is the soil best suited | it, and it may be increased by seeds or by pipings. * The ponreicr ef the order Outyephatinsen will be found i in, voleisups 1; for other species of Dianthus, see pp. 65 and 113. * crn iat hk ane CAMPANUWDA ADPINA, LANUGINOSA. ANDROSACE XIX ANDROSACE LANUGINOSA. PLATO XIX.-—PIG. 1. Andrésace lanugindsa, WatticH. The Woolly-leaved Androsace. Natural Order—Primvutacen.* The Primrose Family. S | Tas pretty Andrésace is a native of the Himalaya Mountains, and was introduced in 1842. It is very suitable for planting on the ledges rockwork exposed to the sun. It grows from six to eight inches high, and flowers in August. The flowers are produced in umbels, and are of a delicate rose-colour with a yellow eye. The leaves and branches and young portions of the stem are densely clothed with long y hairs. The plant should be grown in a mixture of sandy peat and loam, and it may be increased by cuttings or by seed. The illustration is from a plant kindly forwarded by Mr. Niven. > * The character of the order Primulacee will be found in vol.i, p. 14; and for description of the genus Andrésace, see p. 109. A2 CAMPANULA ALPINA. PLATE XIX.—FIG. II. Campdnula alpina, WittpENow. The Alpine Bell-Flower. Natural Order—Campanutacem.* The Bell-Flower Family. Tus is a native of the Alps of Switzerland, whence it was introduced in 1779. It seldom grows more than six inches high, and it is admirably adapted for rockwork, requiring a rich soil in a dry situation fully exposed to the sun and air. It may be increased either by seed or — by division. The flowers are of a very dark blue or violet; and the leaves are woolly. To Messrs. Backhouse and Son, of York, my thanks are due for. obligingly forwarding the plant for illustration. * The character of the order Campanuldcee has been already given in vol. i, p. 8. iT. = 5 AANGLE h WV. TROL Ei I XX 43 TRICHINIUM MANGLESIL. PLATE XX. Trichinium Mangléesii, LinpLtey. Captain Mangles’s Trichinium. Natural Order—Amarantuaceé&. The Amaranth Family. THE singular genus Trichiniwm is exclusively Australian, remarkable - for the great quantity of delicate knotted hairs with which the densely spiked or capitate flowers are covered. It is, indeed, in allusion to these hairs that the generic name (from trichinos, covered with hairs) is -given. Few more striking plants have been introduced to our gardens of late years than 7’. Manglésti,* which is from the Swan River. Though usually treated as a greenhouse plant, there is no reason why it should not be employed in summer for decorating the flower-border, as are many other Australian plants. The flowers, which are pink at the tips, and silvery at the base, are produced in heads three inches across. Of the forty-nine species of Trichiniwm known to botanists, there is not. one, perhaps, more beautiful than 7. Manglésti, unless it be 1’. spectabile, which, indeed, is considered as probably a short and broad spiked variety, with narrow leaves, of the species now under notice. I have to express my acknowledgments to Mr. Niven for an oppor- tunity of figuring this plant. The order Amaranthacee (in which Trichiniwm is placed) consists of herbaceous plants or shrubs, which are found growing in crowds or singly, either in dry, stony, or barren places, or among thickets upon the borders of woods, or a few even in salt marshes. They are * Named in honour of the late Captain James Mangles, R.N., who was instru- mental in introducing many very beautiful plants from the Swan River. . Ad, - TRICHINIUM MANGLESII. much more frequent within the tropics than beyond them, and are unknown in the coldest regions of the world. Many are weeds, but some are very ornamental, as the Iresine, the Alternanthéra, a few species of Amaranthus, the Cock’s-comb, and the Globe Amaranth. The flowers of the plants of this order are produced either in spikes, like Love-lies-bleeding (Amaranthus cauddtus), or in heads, like the Globe Amaranth (Gomphréna globosa), or they are of a singular crest- like shape, like the Cock’s-comb (Celdsia cristata). In all, the flowers have no corolla, and only a very thin dry calyx, which is surrounded by hard, thin, dry bracts, of the same colour, each ending in a long point. There are generally five anthers, and two or three styles, with pointed stigmas; but the capsule contains only one cell and one seed, and, when ripe, it divides horizontally in the middle, like the capsule of the Pimpernel. [ DATUM, ~ an OR LINUM ALPINUM. PLATE: XXI,——FiG.) I; Linum alpinum, WitipEnow. The Alpine Flax. Natural Order—Linacza’.* The Flax Family. : HE flowers of this very pretty little Flax are produced on numerous y slender stems in July and August, and resemble those of the Cc ‘ommon Perennial Flax (L. perénne), the beauty of which every one who is acquainted with British plants will allow. ‘The plant seldom grows more than six or eight inches high, and i very suitable for planting on the ledges or in the fissures of rock- It should be grown in sandy loam, and it prefers a rather dry situation. It is a native of the Alps, the Pyrenees, and, indeed, -many other mountainous parts of Europe. It was introduced in (39. It may be increased either by seed or by division. Very nice young plants may soon be obtained, if the seeds are sown as soon as they are gathered. I am indebted to Messrs. Backhouse and Son for an opportunity of figuring this plant. * The order Lindcew will be found described in vol.i, p. 98; and for a des- AG EPILOBIUM OBCORDATUM. PLATE XXI.-~—FIG. If. Epilobium obcordatum. The Obcordate Willow-Herb. Natural Order—Onacraczea. The Evening Primrose Family. Or the species of Hpilobium only a few have any beauty to recom- mend them. Several are British plants, and these are well known, especially H. angustifolium (the French Willow-Herb, or Rose-bay) and EH. lursitum (the Great Willow-Herb, or Codlins-and-Cream), which are effective plants in a wild garden, or in woods, or by the margins of pieces of water. All the species grow well in a mixture of peat and loam, and they are easily increased either by seeds or by dividing the roots. The generic name is from epi, upon, and lobos, a pod, in allusion to the flowers having the appearance of being seated on the top of the pod. HE, obcordatum has very beautiful rose-coloured flowers, and opposite leaves. It is most suitable for planting in the mixed border, and it is well deserving of cultivation. My thanks are due to Mr. Niven for the plant from which the illustration is taken. Epilobium is included in the order Onagracece, which consists of herbaceous plants or shrubs, many of which are well known and very beautiful, as the different kinds of Evening Primrose (nothéra), the Fuchsias, and the Enchanter’s Nightshade (Circe‘a). These plants are chiefly natives of the temperate parts of the world, and especially of America; a large number are found in Europe, a good many in India, and a few in Africa. The flowers of the plants of this order are red, purple, white, blue, or yellow; they are axillary or terminal, and they may be known by the tube of the calyx generally adhering to the ovary, and by its limb being usually two- or four-lobed, the * he r ~ - a. i lobes frequently adhering together; and by the petals, which are twisted in the bud, being either four or equal in number to the lobes of the calyx, and inserted in the mouth of the tube. The fruit is generally a capsule or a berry with two or four cells containing numerous seeds. The leaves vary considerably, being either alternate or opposite, entire or toothed, and simple, but never compound. Many of the species of Ginothéra expand their very beautiful flowers only in the evening, and hence, being mostly yellow, have been called Hvening Primroses. The roots of @. biénnis, and of some other species, are eatable. There are a great many very beautiful species and varieties of Fuchsia. Several of them bear fruits which are sub-acid and tolerably good to eat. Some of the species of Clarkia are very pretty annuals. EPILOBIUM OBCORDATUM. 47 SEDUM KAMTSCHATICUM. SCUTELLARIA MACRANTHA, SEDUM KAMTSCHATICUM. PLATE XXII.—FIG. I. idem Kamtschdticwm, Fiscuer anp Mnygr. The Kamtschatka, or Orange-coloured Stonecrop. Natural Order—Crassutacez.* The Crassula Family. It grows from three to six inches high, has dark ereen bluntly-toothed leaves, and orange-coloured flowers, which are oduced in terminal cymes in the summer. It will be found suitable ther for planting on rockwork or in the flower-border. The most 7, ae Ey =a : The order ‘Ordseuldcecs has been already described in vol. i, p. 5; and for ther species of Sedwm, see pp. 15, 26, 44, 55, and 86. 50 SCUTELLARIA MACRANTHA. PLATE XXII.—FIG. II. Scutellaria macrantha, Fiscuer. The Large-flowered Skull-cap. Natural Order—Laziatz.* The Labiate Family. Tas handsome Skull-cap is a native of Hastern Asia, and it was introduced in 1848. It is perfectly hardy, will grow in any good garden soil, and continues a long time in flower. The large rich purple flowers, which are produced in summer in large terminal spikes or racemes, have a striking effect either in the flower-border or in pots. The plant may be increased by division of the root and by seeds. * For a description of the order Labidte, see vol.i., p. 64; and for that of the genus Scutelldria, see also p. 64. _@ VIOLA BIFLORA. " 7 & CYCLAMEN REPANDUM. XXITI é 51 VIOLA BIFLORA. PLATE XXIII.—FIG. I. Viola biflora, WittpENow. The Two-flowered or Yellow Alpine Violet. Natural Order—Viowacex.* The Violet Family. Tas little yellow Violet grows from three to four inches high, and is suitable for planting on rockwork, in the chinks of which it will soon establish itself if the soil (of rich loam and sand) in which it is planted is damp. It is a native of the Alps, of the South of Kurope, and of Siberia. It flowers in April and May, and having creeping roots, it is easily increased by division. The leaves are kidney-shaped. There is a variety of this species which has only one flower on each stem. * The order Violacee is described in p. 14 of this volume. 52 CYCLAMEN REPANDUM. PLATE XXIII.—FIG. II. Cy'clamen repandum, Smiru. The Repand or Angular-leaved Cyclamen. Natural Order—Primutacex.* The Primrose Family. Tus very distinct and beautiful Cyclamen is a native of Greece, whence it was introduced about 1806. It may be easily recognised by the leaves, which are somewhat angular, instead of being rounded (as is generally the case with the species of this genus), blotched with white on the upper side, and of a bright reddish purple beneath. The delightfully fragrant flowers are of a very rich crimson, and form an agreeable contrast to the Persian Cyclamen. A light and somewhat sandy soil will be found most suitable for this plant, and it may be grown either in pots, in the fissures of rockwork, or in a warm border. It requires to be somewhat shaded in summer, and to be kept nearly dry in winter. It is generally propagated by seed, which should be sown as soon as it is ripe. This species is sometimes called C. ficaricfolium. * The order Primuldcee has been already described in vol. i. p. 14; and for a description of the genus Cy'clamen, see p. 80. ae Oa ee re ye ae Wee A ae i. ta Mts epee! Oe eer Se ie ti ae il se Ba 7 .? ae , — aS us A Le *Y ‘e © . PRIMULA MINIMA. XXIV 53 GENTIANA BAVARICA. PLATE XXIV:-—-f1G, I; Gentiana bavarica, W1ILLDENOw. The Bavarian Gentian. Natural Order—Gentianaces.* The Gentian Family. Tuts lovely little Gentian, which resembles G. vérna (having, however, flowers of a darker colour, and smaller box-like leaves), grows in dense tufts, about two or three inches in height, and produces its very brilliant blue flowers (which are hardly to be surpassed) in May and June. It is a native of the high Alps of Hurope, where it is found in meadows in spongy, boggy places, and in cultivating it, it is necessary to plant it in very wet boggy soil, mixed with loam and grit, in situations fully exposed to the light; or if grown in pots, the pots should be plunged in sand, and the plants should be abundantly watered, or the pots should stand in water. It is increased by dividing the tufts (which should be done with great care), or by seed, if it ripens. * A description of the order Gentiandcee will be found in vol.i, p. 50; and for other species of Gentidna, see pp. 49 and 183. 54 PRIMULA MINIMA. PLATE XXIV.—FIG. II. Primula minima, Lixnzus. The Least Primrose. Natural Order—Primutacez.* The Primrose Family. Tus, the smallest known species of Primula, grows on the tops of the highest mountains of the South of Europe, at an elevation of seven or eight thousand feet above the level of the sea. The flower, which varies from pink to purplish violet and even white, is large in pro- portion to the rest of the plant, being frequently an inch across. The leaves are disposed in rosettes: they are wedge-shaped, about half an inch in length, and sharply toothed at the top. A very suitable Prim- rose for rockwork, flowering in early summer. It should be planted in well-drained fissures in rich loam and grit, and kept moist. It is increased by carefully dividing the roots. * The order Primuldcee will be found described in vol.i., p. 14. £ f al pt x PENTSTEMON CRASSIFOLIUM. ERYTHRONIUM AMERICANUM, XXV TS 1g GES «ee GS VO I ee: Ber mean Girne Pokal. t Aisar ; r é Bcuscme: Pont st « “14 59 PENTSTEMON CRASSIFOLIUM. PLATE XXV.—FIG. I. Pentstemon crassifolium, Linpiry. The Thick-leaved Pentstemon. Natural Order—Scrorpuvutariacem.* The Figwort Family. Tats handsome Pentstémon is a native of the north-west coast of North America, where it was found by the unfortunate David Douglas, who sent seeds of it to the Horticultural Society of London. It is a hardy suffruticose plant, growing about a foot high, thriving in a peat border, or in any rich garden soil, and flowering freely towards the end of May. It does not produce seed freely, and is therefore generally increased by layers or by cuttings at any time from July to September. A healthy plant will emit numerous small roots along the young shoots and stems, and these shoots, if taken off and potted, or laid down and slightly covered with good rich soil, will soon make strong plants. If seeds are ripened, they should be sown at once, in any good rich soil, in pots placed in a cold pit; but plants so obtained will not flower before the second year. * The character of the order Scrophularidcece will be found in vol.i., p. 4; and for a description of the genus Pentsteémon, see p. 186. 06 ERYTHRONIUM AMERICANUM. PLATE XXV.— FIG, II. Erythronium americanum, Ker, The Yellow-flowered Dog’s-tooth Violet. Natural Order—Tuttracem. The Tulip Family. Erythronium is a small genus of nearly stemless bulbous plants, with two very smooth elliptical leaves, which are usually spotted with purple. The flowers are bell-shaped or recurved. All the species are easily cultivated, and are readily increased by offsets. The name of Hrythroniwm is from erythros, red, and is given in allusion to the colour of the leaves and flowers. The Common Dog’s-tooth Violet (i. Déns canis), which was intro- duced in 1596, is a native of Southern Hurope and temperate Asia, and is a very ornamental and well-known plant, with purple flowers (varying to a pale pink, and even to white), which appear in March and April. It is very useful for beds in a spring garden, or as an edging to beds in shrubberies. E. americanum is a native of North America, where it is found from Canada to Virginia, in woods (near the roots of old trees), and on the banks of rivulets: it is also found on the banks of the Missouri. It grows about six inches high, and produces its pretty bright yellow flowers in April. The leaves are of a glaucous green, variegated with liver-coloured blotches, and if looked at through a magnifying glass will be found to be roughened by minute pointed tubercles. The plant should be grown in good loamy soil, or a mixture of loam and peat. It will be found suitable for planting either on rockwork, or in beds in the spring garden. It may be increased by dividing the bulbs. There is a variety of H. americanum which has brown spots at the base of the flowers. . Erythronium belongs to the order Tulipacee, which contains plants of great beauty, inhabitants of either cold or temperate latitudes. All ERYTHRONIUM AMERICANUM. ay these plants have a regular perianth of six segments, with six stamens, and a dry or fleshy capsule of three cells, opening by as many valves. Some of the genera have more seeds than others, and some of the seeds have a hard, dry, black skin, while others have the skin spongy and soft. Besides Hrythroniwm, there are included in the order the lovely Lilies (Liliwm), the gorgeous Tulips (Tulipa), the stately Yucca, or Adam’s Needle, the pretty Fritillary (/ritillaria), and the splendid Gloriosa. Some of the plants have the flowers erect and single, as in the Tulip; in others the flowers are erect, but in umbels, as in the Orange Lily; and in others they are in racemes and drooping, as in the Yucca, or single and drooping, as in the Fritillary, or with the segments curved back, as in the Martagon Lily. Some of the Japan Lilies are most delightfully fragrant, one of the most striking of these being Liliwm auratum. II, T : risy % “> Bas bn GN rn Pohtin Tyh Se | | ) INCISA. OLRHERA PUM It A, VERONICA XXVI ' Erioiesre pinta, 4 nie Ba Bestar rit Orders 08: Ak ‘ea pe age while ile QrOows: wets ~ which, for never are. open sh , the: plant Vary eat: Jt. is in 1757; 7.48 sibibe oe eneS: or DE ene the ronts ste" Se Z : * The crder Onagracerc rg destiribed in wae Se oe “Ye ds iv f “a 59 GHNOTHERA PUMILA. PLATE XXVI.—FIG. I. Gnothera pumila, Wittprenow. The Dwarf Cinothera. Natural Order—Onacracesx.* The Evening Primrose Family. THE species of Cinothera are very ornamental plants, natives of North and South America, easily cultivated in light rich soil, and imcreased either by seeds or by cuttings. The flowers of some of the Species are yellow, while others are white or purple, and they usually open at night. One of the best known species (HH. biénnis), which was introduced from North America in 1629, has now become natur- alized in some parts of England; and it is said that a species with large white flowers has run wild over some parts of the Neilgherry Hills in India. The name of Wnothéera signifies an incentive to wine-drinking, and it was given in allusion to the custom which formerly prevailed of eating the roots of @nothéra biénnis with wine. Gi. pumila grows about a foot high, sending out numerous flowering stems, which, for several months, produce a regular succession of flowers, and these are open in the morning as well as in the evening, thus rendering the plant very ornamental and desirable-for the border or for rockwork. It is a native of North America, whence it was intro- duced in 1757; it is quite hardy, and it is easily increased by seeds, by cuttings, or by dividing the roots in the autumn. ‘The most suitable soil for it is a mixture of loam and peat. * The order Onagrdcec is described in p. 46 of this. volume. oN, a A 60 VERONICA INCISA. PLATE XXVI.—FIG. II. Verénica incisa, ScHREBER. The cut-leaved Speedwell. Natural Order—Scropuvutariacez.* The Figwort Family. A Harpy perennial Speedwell, introduced from Siberia in 1779, growing to the height of two feet, and producing its delicate flowers in July and August. It is suitable for planting in the flower-border, thriving in good loamy soil. It is easily increased by dividing the roots in the spring. I have to express my thanks to Mr. Niven for an opportunity of figuring this plant. * The order Scrophulariacee will be found described in vol.i., p. 4. —— SEDUM SPURIUM. "” CAMPANULA BARRELIERI., XXVII SERUM “SPURIUM. Pate 2. aeh- aya wai 2 ty oh 1 PLATE 5x J 3 vos DLs a< r 2 e Pd — hy wh. « or . Ly > Theet . 4 faye ee ; ve OF is Famst = ri bntt- € eta S SEL ¥I * ¢ - - . ~ WHERCH REPU Hs a oe z : t%, Birth W hy aa Bi} 4 L > - ing on the rod ks apoest tae*not xprtges of % Constante ; ; ‘ ' ee gt ae . ie ; oak: ‘han lan uy meer the. sipntant.«: A oun EET abeh S. 4: eat : Pact. amd, Welt AGADSCE for. pine easrer 2 ne - owas ; : ' - . « — be oF or on rockwor) K. ii growl whont sx or earht wmonds nih, ge . 7 = ~ 7 “ cin samiimer-- > aa pee! meh a a ~< , Bye: : : : TA ‘ ¥ Por te descr plier, of the a jeder Craxsnidzée, aie vut SEDUM SPURIUM. PLATE XXVII.—FIG. I. Sedum spurium, WILLDENOW. ‘The Fringed Stonecrop. Natural Order—Crassutacem.* The Crassula Family. Tuts Sédum (which strongly resembles Crassula crenata) is a native of the Caucasus, whence it was introduced in 1816, and where it is found growing on the rocks about the hot springs of the Constantine _ Mountain, and abundantly near the summit of Mount Beschtan. It is quite hardy, and well adapted for planting either in the flower- . = . . . . . _ border or on rockwork. It grows about six or eight inches high, and _ flowers in summer. / * For a description of the Order Crassulacee, see vol.1., p. 5. CAMPANULA BARRELIERI. PLATE XXVII.—FIG. II. Campénula Barreliéri, Prest. Barrelier’s Bell-Flower. Natural Order—Campanvuaces.* The Bell-Flower Family. : Tuts very beautiful little Campanula, which is found on rocks e : the sea-side near Naples, has a procumbent habit, and it is very suitable — for planting on rockwork, or for growing in pots. The flowers are % of a very delicate blue, and they appear in May and June. . . To Mr. Niven, of Hull, my thanks are due for obligingly sen ting . 5 the plant for illustration. oe. eS. cata i * The order Campanulacee will be found described in vol.i., p. 8. STATICE INCANA NANA. XXVIII i , eS eee ae Te Bahia ‘ “ ak, SE ‘ . a Bn oe ee et im n “* 3 ‘ ie oe * fis <4 i® Se a a Br . F ae eee } ea r 4 “ft . ey - ae ge os A eo a - ™~ " a = Bay : as ae Pe sk Ps ‘ a ee 2 . ; : a - re ‘ ee? mn ty, : = ' >A “ a * - = Ae _ ‘ a te “cm - 2 : 53 . "es . J — La - ‘ . - ‘4 , . : ¥ 2: ¢ : . D> “, 5 - \' ICE INCANA- NAN ao PLATE MTR. Ree cel ee a ees ke ae rd let i ies . , me rr : 2 2 S Bidoten tneann, Lissxve.. The Hoary Sov Laverder | at se . f - _ Naturet Crder— Pu “Ss AGTEACES, fhe Leadwort: Fatcils : - 7 1 ha = i. sage ih Fait bexichsive genag of herbaccons plantz or onder shimha, 3 of whioh are produced i Spiess or opuicios The female. shy Fj + =- is. ix One: piece end pihited. ‘Phe oorelid haa five petalay pay “i e. of ‘which the ‘Stayer i are nitached. The ocne-seedad nat } t in the caly x. Khe species grG chintiv found in ths south and - pe, to tho*Canury fsles, and in Central Asis, and’ they “a u sand erunmental both m the greenhoras art ia" ¢he rues Or i “ = a { a - e fe. Py Ls Fi ‘ Phe greeuhouss species succee} hest in a mixture of sandy - 5 x i. - Soe d pea, “and are arsased BY Oe bongs. Tke daray herhbnoomnss 4 : b-increased br division in’ sp ting, or by seed. . ot Stitics is from sfaticd, to siqp, in alinaion, $o fie ell of somes af the apacion. The rout of S. seratimiaan “a id to be One of the most powerfal astriugentsa Known,” : aa Fs, ACA t 48. % pesennial species, growing about mghives Tackes highy- :.. Soaucing nutderows short spikes of ¢fimsou flowers (eich « white ee « = as to August. Iti if suitable jor Plasttig om sackweork es a flower-border. : z aaa e a he orden Plumhoaginacee (to which 4 Matice belongs: Breve at dee aa nibs 0 herbaceous” plants (mostly with ‘showy Weg y blue = TTS ty aaa “i abitin salt marshes andjenb-nipine tracta in the te ine latitacks --+> = “northern Aud sorithern hentispheres. In. theas pants the * 4 3 site mouopetalous, with the stameris free from the egroils, 1 = “ - ere from’ beneath Rio pis, wr with Sve notals, io which the wird ea? St . . _ ~y.* » e a's ~ — —e ae a + ie 5 ad - = . e +a 1. yadda! . * wae 4 ‘ Cw ee Ae A Se Sa eae emer : 3 os “a a - - — > 4 é me * - a SY en a SB = 7 1) i , 7 a i Ae 0. pe ee kp = oa, OL Ne a), a eee ‘ + oN Ee ae, ae ca 4 ,4—a> ue Pe os as a ‘ , a) ae Sha iP ws a e T Ae a ee eel — 68 STATICE INCANA NANA. PLATE XXVIII. Statice incana, Linnazus. The Hoary Sea Lavender. Natural Order—PiumBacinacem. The Leadwort Family. Statice is an extensive genus of herbaceous plants or under shrubs, the flowers of which are produced in spikes or panicles. The funnel- shaped calyx is in one piece and plaited. The corolla has five petals, to the base of which the stamens are attached. The one-seeded nut is enclosed in the calyx. The species are chiefly found in the south and east of Hurope, in the Canary Isles, and in Central Asia, and they are most useful and ornamental both in the greenhouse and in the flower- garden. The greenhouse species succeed best in a mixture of sandy loam and peat, and are increased by cuttings. The hardy herbaceous kinds are increased by division in spring, or by seed. The name of Statice is from statico, to stop, in allusion to the powerful astringency of some of the species. The root of S. caroliniana is said to be one of the most powerful astringents known. S. incana is a perennial species, growing about eighteen inches high, and producing numerous short spikes of crimson flowers (with a white calyx) from June to August. It is suitable for planting on rockwork or in the flower-border. . The order Plumbaginacece (to which Statice belongs) consists of low shrubs or herbaceous plants (mostly with showy red or blue flowers), inhabiting salt marshes and sub-alpine tracts in the temperate latitudes of both the northern and southern hemispheres. In these plants the corolla is either monopetalous, with the stamens free from the corolla, and growing from beneath the pistil, or with five petals, to which the stamens are attached. There are five styles and five stigmas, but the ovary is only one-celled and one-seeded. The fruit is thin and dry. Plumbago (the Leadwort) and Arméria (the Thrift) are the principal od rs: missle a ha sTATTOR INCANA ‘NANA. = genera included in the order Peer All tis species of | order are striking plants. The pedicels of all the kinds of § Lavender, especially of Statice arborea, are coloured, and are of mistaken for the flowers by the inexperienced. The root of Std Timonium is astringent and tonic; and the root and whole plant 0 all the species of Plwmbago are acrid and caustic. SAPONARIA -OCYMOIDBS. As % o, - SYMPHYANDRA PENDULA. o> XXIX ; se F : ; SAPONAR i OO¥MOIDES : t PLATE. XXCES—PiCc. I. . : : : ee Gy mrs cider, W tie ORC yor. Thx Raszi-fike Soanise rt. oy. 25 peat ae teAt Ra. Tre Pork und Carnation Puraitey . at A es ‘ pr Soper is Sliied . i6 Didithee, but the species an d hy the 4 absence ‘i Bracia at The beipiae of’ th CHlyX;- #70 Peacin not beiig Ai scaua Benne of the agocdes. ate “aunwdls: set a perros, “and GnS. sh & noni. « Cide of ce O88f KRows, > e xt“. S.< hah a {the Calabrian ONT 0 > oe t Cas rat nity iy ae = \ 4 & 2 a in. aac im: fedmetria-fowor-gardens, ged so ecployad tes ih fore pan abundance ot priiiant red fuwaere the whole ef the sumer ae clone to the Crows Gy 26-18 mcdeh’ ellechive. ; a a mene vam. 3s «from. xp, “acap, -and- alledes. to the sang of the planis, aa the bryised leaves, eapecia lic af ho 2h ‘ ie ; : A loictnadlis), will . produce of. LAD Or, (bits. eG ’ a Medes 15a very heantiful epecies, with ta Knog Atoms were, which are produced in | oS it ht ral hardy, and. us is atmisably Pears teers pe. Pootw ork or onwalls, thriviag host in sandy Towns. pede: Biination. cis is rey attily incryea st by wuitiups oF e: ul bdnced Eroin tig ‘Soath OF -Bar pope it £768. oe E “a ‘ piion of the order Cargpap hing aac wilt Defend i outa ps. SAPONARIA OCYMOIDES. PLATE XXIX.—FIG. I. Saponaria ocymoides, WintDENOW. The Basil-like Soapwort. Natural Order—Caryornytiacs#£.* The Pink and Carnation Family. Tue genus Sapondria is allied to Didnthus, but the species are distinguished by the absence of bracts at the base of the calyx, and _ by the seeds not being flattened. Some of the species are annuals, some are perennials, and one is a biennial. One of the best known, perhaps, is S. caldbrica (the Calabrian Soapwort), as it is frequently planted in beds in geometric flower-gardens, and so employed (as it “Produces an abundance of brilliant red flowers the whole of the pastes and grows close to the ground) it is most effective. The generic name is from sapo, soap, and alludes to the soapy properties of the plants, as the bruised leaves, especially of the British species (S. officinalis), will produce a lather, like soap. _S. ocymédides is a very beautiful species, with trailing stems and pink flowers, which are produced in great abundance during the whole of the summer. It is quite hardy, and it is admirably adapted for planting on rockwork or on walls, thriving best in sandy loam in pure air and a dry situation. It is readily increased by cuttings or by seed. - ‘It was introduced from the South of Hurope in 1768. = * A description of the order Caryophyllacee will be found in vol.i., p. 1. ae ; -\s . 66 SYMPHYANDRA PENDULA. PLATE XXIX.——FIG. II. Symphydndra péndula, AtpHonsE DE Canpotty. The Pendulous Symphyandra. Natural Order—CampanvuLaces&.* The Bell-Flower Family. Tue genus Symphyandra may be recognized by the flowers having five stamens, the filaments of which are dilated at the base, fringed with hairs, and free, the anthers adhering so as to form a long cylindrical tube. The species are herbaceous perennials, with alternate leaves; natives of Crete and the Caucasus. The generic name is from’ symphio, to grow together, and aner, an anther, in allusion to the combined anthers. S. péndula grows about a foot high, and has ornamental white or cream-coloured flowers, which are abundantly produced nearly all the summer. It is a native of Mount Caucasus, and was introduced in 1824, It does not bear being fully exposed to the sun, and succeeds best in a cool shady situation, such as the north side of rockwork. It may be increased either by dividing the roots in the spring, or by seed. * The order Oampanuldcee will be found described in vol. i, Doo x MELEAGRIS. RITILGDARIA Fr L.A XA. IA > uf TRITELE ore 67 TRITELEIA LAXA., PLATE XXX.—FIG. I. Triteleia laxa,* Bentuam. The Loose-umbelled Triteleia. Natural Order—AspHopELaces.t The Asphodel Family. Tue flowers of this beautiful Triteleia (frequently found in collections under the name of 7’. Murraydana) grow in a lax umbel, and are about the size of those of Brodie\a grandiflora, and of the same deep blue colour. The species is a native of California,t flowering in June and July, and it is easily cultivated, growing in common garden soil, but preferring a mixture of peat, loam, and sand. It is readily increased by offsets, as well as by seeds, which are freely produced. I have to thank Mr. Niven for kindly forwarding the plant from which the figure in our plate is taken. * Milla lavza, Baker; Seubértia ldza, Kunth. { For a description of the order Asphodelacee, see vol. i, p.57; and for that of the genus T'riteleia, see p. 21 of this volume. t Messrs. Backhouse and Son, in the edition for 1873 of their useful Catalogue, make the following statement:—“As regards the culture of Californian Plants in general, and especially of the bulbs of that region, we are informed that, in their native land, the weather, after the flowering season, gradually becomes drier and drier, till, under the influence of the summer’s sun, the foliage of these plants withers away, and everything remains hot and dry till the late autumnal rains again stimulate them to make root. So that it is evident that, where possible, exposure: to excessive wet in summer should be jealously guarded against; in other words, that situations should be selected, where, from perfect drainage, etc., the natural conditions can be imitated as far as possible.” ‘. E 7 68 ‘ ‘4 . sf . omy . i FRITILLARIA MELEAGRIS. PLATE XXX.-——FIG. II. Fritillaria Meleagris, Wittppnow. The Chequered or Common Fritillary. Natural Order—Touraceaz.* The Tulip Family. Tue species of Fritillaria are very ornamental bulbous plants, found in North America, the South of Hurope, and in Asia. ‘They have erect annual stems, alternate or whorled leaves, and nodding bell-shaped flowers, which are sometimes solitary and terminal, sometimes disposed in the form of a raceme in the axils of the upper leaves, or sometimes collected into a whorl beneath a terminal leafy tuft, as in the well- known Crown Imperial (£. imperialis). They all grow well in deep rich loamy soil in the open garden, requiring to be taken up and | re-planted every three or four years, and they may be increased by _ offsets. The name of Fritillaria is from Fritillus, a chess-board, in allusion to the chequered flowers of most of the species. F., Meleagris is a British species, and is found wild in moist meadows or near rivers in several parts of Hngland, especially in the southern and eastern counties. It has a small roundish bulb, an erect stem, about a foot in height, with three or four linear or somewhat lanceolate leaves, and a single terminal drooping flower, which is usually of a dull red, marked inside with chequered lines and spots. The plant flowers in March and April, and is suitable for beds in a spring garden. There are several varieties: one has white and another yellowish flowers. * The character of the order Tulipacee will: be found in p. 56 of this volume. | ree . - ty © PALLIRGOS INVOLUCRATA STATICR BMARGINA DS AXA Pd Tatar Sd Bre Te aeT. Fi ¥ = i Soren . a 69 CALLIRRHOE INVOLUCRATA. PLATE XXXI.-—PIG. I. Callirrhdé involucrata, Gray. The Involucrated Callirrhoa. Natural Order—Matvacrem. The Mallow Family. Tae beautiful North American Mallow-like plants included in the ~ genus Callirrhoé, are herbaceous perennials, formerly, and sometimes even now, found under the name of Nuttdllia, which more properly belongs to a genus of Rosaceous plants. The species differ only very slightly from Madalva, chiefly in the fruit, but also in the absence, in some of the species, of the involucre which is commonly found below the calyx in most Malvaceous plants. C. involucrata is a procumbent plant, growing about six inches high, and producing its handsome purplish crimson flowers on long peduncles in July. It is a native of North America, where it was first found in the valley of the Loup Fork of the Platte. It is very suitable for rockwork, and it may also be planted in the flower-border, but a sunny situation should be chosen for it. The soil best suited to it is a mixture of good sandy loam and We It may be increased by division in the spring, or by seed. For an opportunity of figuring this plant I have to express my acknowledgments to Mr. Niven. The order Malvacee contains plants of great beauty, all bearing so striking a resemblance to each other, that they may generally be easily recognized. ‘The greater part of them will be found clothed with stellate pubescence; and in the flowers of all there is a central column, round which are placed numerous carpels, which grow together and form a many-celled capsule: the anthers are one-celled, and kidney- shaped. ‘There is almost always an involucre below the calyx, differing, however, in the different genera. In Callirrhoé the inyolucre, when 70 CALLIRRHOE INVOLUCRATA. present, consists of from one to three leaflets: the calyx has five sepals, and the corolla has five wedge-shaped petals; the filaments of the stamens are united into a tubular column, and the numerous one- seeded carpels are united by a short beak. In the genus Mélva, the involucre consists of three leaflets, which, in the Common Mallow (Malva sylvéstris), are oblong. The petals are wedge-shaped, and they are set so far apart that light can be seen through them. The stamens, ~ all of which are nearly of the same height, form a kind of bunch round the styles, which are pointed. The capsule consists of a circle of woolly-looking carpels, growing close together, but easily detached with a pin, and each fitting into a little groove in the receptacle in which they are placed. As the seeds ripen, the involucre falls off, but the large loose-looking calyx remains on. There is only one seed in each carpel, but as there are generally eleven carpels in each capsule, each seed-vessel contains this number of seeds. The leaves are lobed and toothed, and the whole plant is covered with long hairs, which are disposed in litle star-like tufts. In the genus Mdlope, which closely resembles the Mallow in many particulars, the petals are not wedge- shaped, and the calyx is still larger, the long sepals shrouding the capsule as the involucre of the filbert does the nut. The involucre is composed of three broad, heart-shaped leaflets, which remain on till the seed is ripe. ‘The petals are not so even along the margins as those of Mulva, and the carpels are so arranged as to form a cone- shaped capsule instead of a flat one. In the genus Lavatera (the Tree Mallow) the leaflets of the involucre are joined to the middle, and form a kind of three-cornered saucer below the capsule, the capsule being completely covered with a part of the receptacle, which is dilated and curved down over it. And in the genus Althea (the Marsh Mallow), the involucre is cleft into six or nine divisions, and the carpels are united into a globular capsule. ; The following well-known plants, in addition to those already men- tioned, belong to this order:—the Hollyhock (Althea rosea); the Althea frutex (Hibiscus syriacus), and numerous other beautiful species of ETibiscus; Abitilon (of which there are many very beautiful species) ; and the Cotton Plant (Gossy'pium). This last furnishes the down which is used to an enormous extent in the cotton manufacture. This down is found lining the capsules which contain the seeds, and if examined by the microscope, the threads will be seen to be finely toothed, which explains the cause of their adhering together so readily. There are several species cultivated for the supply of cotton in different parts of the world: G. herbaceum is, however, the species most commonly grown. G. hirsutum and G, barbadénse are two species grown in the e eaten, and are considered wholesome and Piehinne & ——e All the Malvaceze abound in nutritive mucilage; and the strong woody fibre found in the stems of many may be successfully a eas in the nanufacture of paper, ropes, and other articles. STATICH EMARGINATA. » «a PLATE XXX1.-—FIG. I. Statice emargindta, WitupENow. The emarginate Sea-Lavender. Natural Order—PiumBacinacez.* The Leadwort Family. THIs species of Sea Lavender, which is a native of Gibraltar, grows — about nine inches high, and produces its blue flowers in panicles from May to July. It should be grown in sandy loam ; and it gs 7 be increased by division. To Mr. Niven my thanks are due for obligingly sending the ant from which the illustration in the plate is taken. * The order Plumbaginacee has been already described in p. 63 of this volume, : i ret PY ROUA, UNTO RA. AMDARA Te a2 Sone fz “= ASTRAGALUS MONSPHSSULANU 8. PYROLA UNIFLORA. PLATE XXXII.——FIG. I. Pyrola uniflora, WittpEnow. The single-flowered Winter Green. Natural Order—Enicacez.* The Heath Family. _ Pyrola is a small genus of very elegant little plants (most of which eS are evergreens), growing naturally in the shade and in rocky or very t poor soils. In the garden they should be grown in a mixture of a sandy peat, loam, and leaf mould in moist but well-drained and rather shaded situations. They may be increased by division or by seed. ) There are five British species, and several are natives of North “America. All the species are powerfully astringent and tonic. The generic name is a diminutive of Pyrus (the pear tree) from Eo resemblance of the leaves to those of the Pear. P. uniflora is a very curious and elegant British species (found very SB sine'y in moist alpine woods in Scotland), the slender perennial — * oots of which strike deep among the moss on the borders of rills © and watercourses. The flower, which appears in July and is rather | ay compared with the size of the plant, is white, delicately veined ith pink, and very fragrant. The pores of the anthers form little. | Bitciriding tubes, much more prominent than in the other species, although they are sometimes observable in the Common Winter Green (@. minor). The style is short and nearly straight, with a broad five-lobed stigma. #* The description of the order Hricdcee will be found in vol.i., p. 23. 74 ASTRAGALUS MONSPESSULANUS. PLATE XXXII.—FIG. II. Astrégalus monspessulanus, WittpENow. The Montpelier Milk Vetch. Natural Order—Lecuminosz.* The Leguminous Family. Astragalus is an extensive genus of ornamental perennials with woody roots, frequently spiny branches, unequally pinnate leaves, and axillary racemes or spikes of pink, purple, bluish, pale yellow, or white flowers. Three of the species are British, viz.: A. glycyphy'llos, A. hypoglottis, and A. alpinus. A. Tragacéntha was formerly supposed to yield the gum Tragacanth of commerce; but Olivier ascertained that it was generally obtained from A. verus. Probably both species, and, perhaps, some others, yield this gum. The gum exudes naturally from the bark in summer, more or less copiously according to the heat of the weather. The seeds of A. be'ticus, roasted and ground, are used as a substitute for coffee in Hungary. Astragalus was a name given by the Greeks to one of their Legu- minous plants, but to which it does not appear to be known. A. monspessulanus is a prostrate plant, with rather large racemes of crimson flowers (which appear in July), a native of the South of France, growing in great abundance on the rocks near Montpelier. It was introduced by Dr. William Pitcairn in 1776. It will be seen to the greatest advantage when planted on the elevated parts of rockwork, so that the flowering branches can hang down, or it may be grown in pots; but it is not so suitable for the flower border, as the flowers are easily injured or disfigured by heavy rain when lying on the ground. It may be increased by seeds or by cuttings. It ap- pears to thrive best in good loamy soil. There is a variety with white flowers. * The order Leguminose will be found described in vol.i., p. 89. PRIMULA MARGINATA, HELIANTHEMUM ROSEUM. XXXITI PRIMULA MARGINATA. Primula marginata, Wittpsnow. The Silver-edged Primrose. Natural Order—Primvutacen.* The Primrose Family. By Pars very pretty little Primrose (easily distinguished by the silvery _ margins of the leaves) is a native of the Alps of Tauria and Dauphiny, and was introduced in 1781. It should be planted in deep sandy loam, either in the flower-border or in rather dry fissures on rockwork. ‘The pale purple or lilac flowers are produced in umbels in April and _ 4E J t EMay. There is a variety (P. marginata major) which is larger than _ the species, and has flowers of a darker colour. * The description of the order Primuldcee will be found in vol.i., p. 14. - 76 HELIANTHEMUM ROSEUM. PLATE XXXIII.—FIG. II. Helidnthemum roseum, A. P. pp Canpotte. The Rose-coloured Sun-Rose. Natural Order—Cistacem. The Rock-Rose Family. Most of the plants forming the genus Helianthemum are low-growing prostrate shrubs or under-shrubs, with very showy flowers, nearly allied to Cistus, but differing in having imperfectly three-celled, instead of five or ten-celled capsules. All the species are easily cultivated im rich loamy soil, and they are readily propagated by cuttings, which root freely under a hand-glass. The generic name (from helios, the sun, and anthemon, a flower) is given in allusion to the bright golden flowers of most of the species, or, aS some say, because the flowers open with the rising of the sun, and the petals fall off with the setting of the sun. The flowers only open during sunshine, and are very fugitive. H. rosewm is a_half-shrubby decumbent plant, spreading in all directions, and very suitable for rockwork, or for growing in pots. It produces an abundance of flowers nearly all the summer. It is a native of the South of Hurope, whence it was introduced in 1815. A mixture of light sandy loam and peat will suit it very well; and cuttings planted under a hand-glass from July to September will strike root readily. In some parts of this country this plant may require pro- tection during severe winters. The common Rock-roses and Sun-roses of our gardens are the most striking plants in the order Cistacew. They are found in most parts of the world, growing in dry, elevated, rocky places. They are all very ornamental, and very suitable for planting on rockwork. The flowers of all the species of Cistus (Rock-rose) and Helianthemum (Sun-rose) have five petals, which are crumpled up in the bud lke those of the poppy. The calyx generally consists of five sepals, two HELIANTHEMUM ROSEUM. iy: of which are larger and of a paler green than the others, and grow a little below them: in the Gum-Cistus the two outer sepals are wanting. The petals fall very soon after the flower opens, but the calyx remains on till the seed is ripe. There are a great many short stamens, forming a tuft in the centre of the flower, and surrounding the pistil, which has a round flat-headed stigma, a rather long style, and a five- celled ovary. The gum called ladanum, or labdanum, which is used in medicine, is the produce of several kinds of Cistus: it possesses tonic and stomachic properties, and when burnt it exhales a fragrant perfume. The stamens of the Common Rock-rose (Helidnthemum vulgare), which is a British plant, are so irritable that in sunny weather they will move on being touched. COLCHICUM VARIBGAT Py yO CRASSIFOLIA. XXXIV UM. 79 COLCHICUM VARIEGATUM. PLATE XXXIV.-——FIG. I. Odlchicum variegatum, Linnmuvus. The chequer-flowered Meadow Saffron. Natural Order—Mertantuacez.* The Melanthium Family. Tus species is readily distinguished from the Common Meadow Saffron (Colchicum autumnale) by its flowers, which are more open and curiously variegated with dark purple blotches. It is a native of Greece, and was introduced before 1629. It will thrive in any good garden soil, producing an abundance of flowers in the autumn. For planting on the low ledges of rockwork, or in the flower-border, it will be found most suitable, as well as for an edging to beds. It is increased by separating the bulbs. * The order Melanthacee will be found described in vol. i, p. 52; and for a description of the genus Cdlchicum, see p. 59. 80 PHLOX CRASSIFOLIA. PLATB XXXIV.—FIiG. Il. Phlox crassifolia, Loppiezs. The thick-leaved Phlox. Natural Order—PotemoniacE&.* The Greek Valerian Family. Tis very pretty dwarf Phlox, which was introduced from North America in 1825, is considered by some to be a variety of P. stolonifera, with flowers of a larger size and of a much richer tint, and with the leaves broader and of a deeper green. It is perfectly hardy, and, as it has a trailing habit, it is very suitable for the front of a flower-border, or for planting on rockwork. It should be grown in a mixture of sandy peat and loam; and it may be readily increased by division. * The order Polemoniacee has been already described in p.17 of this volume. RUBUS ARCTICUS. GENTIANA VERNA. XXXV ° £34 ar : ton Koss 1s Ved a . Mb Seon ted Le 81 RUBUS ARCTICUS. PLATE XXXV.—HFIG. I. Ribus arcticus, Smitn. The Arctic, or dwarf crimson Bramble. Natural Order—Rosacem.* The Rose Family. THE species forming the genus fiubus are mostly shrubs (generally with trailing prickly stems), only very few being herbaceous plants. The flowers, which are mostly white or pink, are, in most of the species, produced in terminal racemes, and the fruit is edible. Several of the British species are well known, as the Blackberry (R. fruticosus), the Raspberry (R. ide‘us), the Dewberry (R. cce‘sius), and the Cloud- berry (R. Chameemorus). The generic name is from rub, red in Celtic, in reference to the colour of the fruit in some of the species. R. arcticus is a very beautiful little speciest with very slender erect stems, from four to six inches high, each bearing three or four leaves, and seldom more than one deep rose-coloured flower, which appears in June. ‘The fruit is of a pale purplish red, sweet, and well flavoured. The soil for this little plant should be a mixture of peat and loam; and it may be increased by suckers. * For a description of the order Rosacea, see vol.i., p. 71. + Mr. Bentham states that this species “has been inserted in our Floras as having been found in the Scotch Islands, but this appears to be a mistake. At any rate, all recent search for it there has been in vain.” il, M GENTIANA VERNA. ae XXXV.—FIG. Il. Gentiana vérna, WiLLDENow. The Spring Gentian. Natural Order—GENTIANACEm.* The Gentian Family. THis very beautiful little Gentian is one of our rare British plants, being confined to a few localities in the North of England, Teesdale, in the county of Durham, being one. It has also been found in the West of Ireland. In mountain pastures in central and southern Hurope to the Caucasus and the Altai, it is one of the most common species, but it scarcely extends into Northern Germany. It grows from one to three inches high, forming dense tufts, and producing a profusion of its brilliant blue flowers in the spring. It should be planted in deep rich fibrous loam, mixed with cocoa-nut fibre and fragments of limestone, on sunny banks or the ledges of rock- work. It will succeed very well in pots or pans, provided good drainage is secured, and the soil (which should be a mixture of good rich loam and broken limestone) is kept moist; and also in the flower border in loam mixed with gravel. No collection should be without this little gem: in dividing the tufts, to increase it, great care should be taken. An abundant supply of water is necessary during the growing -season. * The order Gentiandcew will be found described in vol. i. p. 50. ae HORMINUM PYRENAICUM. XXXVI pita a Fl omosiernns fies t 83 HORMINUM PYRENAICUM. PLATE XXXVI. Horminum pyrendicum, Prrsoon. The Pyrenean Horminum. Natural Order—Lasiata.* The Labiate Family. FHlorminum is a small genus of herbaceous perennials with ornamental flowers. Only two species are known. The generic name is from hormao, to excite, in allusion to the ~ stimulating qualities possessed by the plants. HT. pyrenaicum grows in tufts, and has numerous egg-shaped root- leaves, simple almost leafless stems, and purplish blue flowers, arranged in whorls of six (all turned the same way), and appearing in July and August. It is found in moist pastures at high elevations in the Pyrenees. It will be found most suitable for planting on rockwork, - in situations where it will have a good supply of moisture: the soil should be a sandy loam. It may be increased by dividing the tufts in the spring. My thanks are due to Mr. Niven for kindly forwarding the plant for illustration. * The order Labidte is described in vol.i., p. 64. SOLDANELLA MINIMA. IRIS RETICULATA. XXXVII 85 SOLDANELLA MINIMA. POA Ck Vils—— sla le Soldanélla minima, Horrz. The Least Soldanella. Natural Order—Primutacem.* The Primrose Family. Or the species of Soldanélla,+ this is the smallest in every respect, growing only an inch or two high, and producing its lovely little bell- shaped dark lilac fringed flowers (only one on each stem) in April and May. It is a native of the Alps of Switzerland, the Carinthian Alps, and the Carpathian Mountains, and it was introduced in 1823. The soil most suitable for it is a mixture of peat, loam, and grit; and it will succeed best on well-drained ledges of rockwork. It will also thrive very well in a small pot, if good drainage is secured. It may be increased by division. * A description of the order Primulacee will be found in vol.i. p. 14; and of the genus Soldanélla in p. 88. + The writer of a very entertaining article (A Bye-Day in the Alps) in The Cornhill Magazine for June, 1874, when describing the region in which one finds the essence of Alpine scenery, says: “There, in the early months, you walk knee- deep in flowers, every one of which is a bit of embodied poetry. When the snow has just departed, the fragile cup of the Soldanella makes a purple carpeting amidst turf which seems to have been scorched by the frost. Its delicate beauty suggests that it is made rather of air than of earthly elements, and yet it ven- tures where no plant of grosser frame dares to rival it. To gather it seems to be sacrilegious; and you are forced to justify yourself for cutting short its career by the general argument of oppressors, namely, that if you don’t commit the - crime, some less appreciative sinner, probably a coarse-minded cow, will commit it instead. And the Soldanella is only one amongst a throng of beauties to which justice could only be done by the author of the Midsummer Night’s Dream.” 86 IRIS RETICULATA. PLATE XXXVII.—FIG. II. I'vis reticulata, BrrpersteIn. The Netted Iris. Natural Order—Inwacesz.* The Iris Family. Tris (which gives the name to the order Iridacee) is an extensive genus of very ornamental perennials, with sword-shaped leaves and very brilliant flowers. Some of the species have tuberous roots, but most of them have fibrous roots, and a fleshy underground stem, called a rhizoma, or root-stalk. There are also a few with bulbous roots. Two are British species, namely, I. Pseud-dacorus (the Yellow Flag), which has bright yellow flowers, and is found by the margins of streams and in wet meadows in various parts of Britain, and I. feetidissima (the Gladwyn or Gladdon), which has flowers of a violet blue (or rarely of a pale yellowish white), and is common in woods and shady places in many parts of the South of England, and in Ireland. The roots of two or three species are used in medicine: those of I. florentina (a species from the South of Hurope with large white flowers) are remarkable for communicating an odour like that of violets; and are the orrice- root or orris-root (iris-root) of the shops. The root of I. Psewd-dcorus is astringent, and it has been used instead of galls in making ink and in dyeing black. All the species of Iris are remarkable for the beauty of their flowers, and are most effective in flower-borders. The tuberous-rooted kinds thrive best in good rich soil in a rather shady situation, and they are increased by offsets. ‘The kinds with fibrous roots do well in any good soil, and they are increased by dividing the rhizomes. All the kinds may also be increased by seed, which should be sown as- soon as it is ripe. The generic name was given by Theophrastus, Dioscorides, and Pliny, * The order Iriddcee has been described in vol. i., p. 69, IRIS RETICULATA. 87 in allusion to the variety and brilliancy of the colours of the flowers. According to Plutarch the word Iris, signified, in the ancient Egyptian tongue, eye: the eye of heaven. I, reticulata is a most beautiful dwarf species, with bulbous roots, growing from four to six inches high, a native of Georgia, Asia Minor, Kurdistan, Syria, and Persia, and invaluable as a spring flower, as it is easily cultivated, and the deep rich violet flowers (which have the delicious fragrance of violets) appear in March,.and produce a most striking effect, especially when seen in masses under the influence of bright sunshine. It is not sufficiently hardy for all parts of this country, and will not succeed very well in cold. wet situations. Sheltered, warm, sunny situations should therefore be chosen for it, and, like all the bulbous-rooted Irises, it thrives best in a mixture of good rich sandy loam and peat. It is admirably adapted for being grown in pots or pans for placing in the greenhouse or conservatory in March. It may be increased by separating the bulbs after the leaves have withered. ag «™. . ‘ ? ¥ . ¢ ad * . 5 £ - 7 ( 3 a S , . ° * P FS 4 ’ : - * - ° ” - * ¢ 7 - ~ J = z aad E a . epee be 5 ’ ‘ bd a Ys ‘ , j ‘ 1 > x ' ’ . ” iia. ? ; : Lis t * F : ’ . Br - i i. a vt) o,° ; . . oo Raeiy BIL ty < Le > rye ag AP , ws : ‘ BOOS0 Bete, ie ee Fane occa steel.) ves ee Pewy ten. or he uid Wve —Eyetd mrs vat ceety jaier, reply Mh we >. thay trcier: Gan me ae oom hiss Hee % on,. wate. tee ABie* 4 berine’s wher! Mes) of tae = al Are! Reomiyhoca Bg Seach, és ho leah trad ‘YARRA 34eR {oe an Moc Shy xe. ‘ 103 VINCA HERBACEA. PLATE XLIUI.—FIG, I, Vinca herbacea, Wittpznow. The Herbaceous Periwinkle. Natural Order—Avocynacem®. The Dog’s-bane Family. Vinca is a small genus of rather woody herbaceous plants with opposite entire shining leaves, and blue, pink, or white flowers, which are produced singly on axillary peduncles. They grow naturally in shady places. Two are British species, viz. V. major (the larger Periwinkle) and V. minor (the lesser Periwinkle), both of which are commonly found in our gardens, being valued for their early and long- continued flowering, as well as for their being evergreens well adapted for covering naked ground in shaded situations. The generic name is from vinculum, a band, in allusion to the twining shoots being so suitable for making bands. The origin of the English name of Periwinkle, however, appears to be quite unknown. The Anglo-Saxons called it perwince; the French pervenche. V. herbacea is a native of Hungary, where it grows in open situa- tions on chalky or sandy hills, dying down to the ground every winter, and very distinct from either of the two British species. It has creeping stems about nine inches in length, and is well adapted for planting on rockwork. It succeeds best in good loamy (rather dry) soil in sunny situations, producing its purplish blue flowers in spring and early summer. It is increased by division. The plants composing the order Apocynacece, to which Vinea belongs, are mostly very showy trees or shrubs (some being climbers), usually with acrid milky juice, readily known by the twisted direction of the segments of the corolla, which have been compared to the rays of a ‘St. Catharine’s wheel. Most of the species are tropical, a few repre- sentatives only (such as Vinca and Apdcynuwm) being found in northern countries, 4 . oe e - hs : s “ . ’ or i : . 104 VINCA HERBACEA. The corolla is generally salver-shaped, as in Vinca, or funnel-shaped, as in Taberncemontana and Allamanda, or divided into equal segments, as in Neériwm Oleander (the Oleander). ‘The flowers are often bearded in the throat, and furnished with hypogynous scales. The stamens are enclosed in the flower, the anthers lying close together. The seed is contained in two follicles, which are slender, with the seeds disposed in two rows. Although some of the plants of the order are used medicinally, and others have edible fruit, many of them are poisonous, two of the most virulent being the genera Cérbera and Tanghinia. Even the beautiful Oleander is a formidable poison, for a few years ago a child died from having eaten, one morning, a quantity of the flowers of this plant. In addition to the genera already mentioned, the order also contains the three following, viz. Dipladénia, Hchites, and Mandevilla, which are plants of great beauty. | 105 ROMANZOVIA SITCHENSIS. PLATE XLIII.—FIG. II. Romanzovia sitchénsis, Cuamisso. The Sitka Romanzovia. Natural Order—Hyproruyitacez, The Hydrophyllum Family. Romanzovia is a small genus of low-growing, many-stemmed, pilose herbaceous plants (natives of Arctic America), with heart-shaped root- leaves on long petioles, small alternate cauline leaves, and terminal one-sided racemes of flowers. The calyx has five sepals and the corolla five petals: there are five stamens, which are. included in the corolla; and the’ style (which differs from that of other plants of the order) is simple and furnished with a capitate stigma. The genus was named in honour of Count Romanzoff, Director of the Russian Admiralty, at whose expense the voyage of Kotzebue round the world was undertaken. hh. sitchénsis is described by Dr. Hooker in the Botanical Magazine for July, 1874, as “a weak, green, perennial-rooted, straggling, or suberect herb, four to eight inches high or long, more or less covered with scattered curled short hairs.” Dr. Hooker also gives the following particulars respecting the discovery of this little plant: “This very rare and interesting little plant, with the habit of a Saxifrage of the granulata group, is closely allied to the majestic Wigdandia of our subtropical gardens, though so dissimilar in stature, habit, and general characters, and in coming from so different a climate and country. It is a native of a few distant spots over a very wide range of country in North-western America, and has been gathered by very few collectors. First, by the late venerable Menzies, the Naturalist to Vancouver’s Voyage (and the introducer of Araucaria imbricata), in May, 1793, who discovered a small slender variety of it on hanging rocks at Trinidad, in California, lat. 41° 10’ N.; next by Chamisso at Sitka in the then Russian, but now American territory II, P 106 ROMANZOVIA SITCHENSIS. of Alaschka, fully one thousand miles north of Trinidad, and by whom it was first described; more lately it was gathered abundantly by Dr. Lyall on the Cascade Mountains, in lat. 69° N., in the bed of the Sallse river, and a large-flowered variety (Regel’s R. grandiflora) on the same mountains, at an elevation of seven thousand feet. Lastly we have specimens collected in South California (probably in the mountains), in lat. 35°. by Dr. Bigelow, surgeon to Lieutenant Whipple’s Exploration for a railway route across America in 1853-4; this is fully fourteen hundred miles south of Sitka”? Dr. Hooker further states that R. sitchénsis “is a rock-plant, easy of cultivation, . and was introduced into Hurope by Messrs. Haage and Schmidt, of Erfurt.”” The specimen figured in the Botanical Magazine flowered in the Royal Gardens at Kew in April of the present year (1874). I am indebted to Messrs. Backhouse and Son for obligingly for- warding the plant from which the illustration is taken. Romanzovia belongs to the order Hydrophyllacece, which consists of elegant herbaceous plants, chiefly natives of North America, most of them having blue, white, or pink flowers, and pinnate parted leaves. Four of the genera included in it contain some of the most beautiful of the Californian annuals, viz. Phacélia, Eutoca, Neméphila, and Whitlavia. The species of Hydrophy'llwum (Waterleaf) are peren- nials, growing in marshes in North America, one species (H. virginicum) being used as a salad. ARABIS BLEPHAROPHYLLA SAXIFRAGA AMBIGUA., XLIV _ * bik ; - "+ aL helo i iy hima, SPO A. Hs ol 107 ARABIS BLEPHAROPHYLLA SUPERBA. PLATE XLIV.——FIG. I. A’rabis blepharophy'lla, Str W.J. Hooxer. The Californian Rock-Cress. Natural Order—Crucirera.* The Cruciferous Family. Tue genus A’rabis consists of low-growing annuals or perennials, with small white or (rarely) purple flowers. They are mostly natives of Hurope and North America. Several are British species, but they have little beauty to recommend them. All the kinds which are worth cultivating thrive well in any good garden soil, and in almost any situation, but they are most suitable for planting on rockwork. They are readily increased by seeds, by cuttings, or by division of the roots. The name of A’rabis is said to be derived from Arabia, the native country of some of the species, according to De Theis; but this appears to be a forced explanation, and scarcely the true root of the word. A. blepharophy'lla is a hardy perennial, growing from six to ten inches lngh, and producing its bright rosy-purple flowers in April, May, and June. It is a native of San Francisco, in California, where it was first discovered by the late David Douglas in 1833, and subsequently it has been collected by several other collectors, who describe it as a great ornament in March on the hills of that State. Professor Asa Gray was, however, the first to send ripe seeds to England in 1865, “from which,” Dr. Hooker says,+ “plants were raised at Kew, but it was not till quite recently that the plants throve (from seeds sent by Commissioner Watt, of the Agricultural Department of Washington), and appeared in their full beauty.’ ‘The species is most suitable for planting on rockwork, succeeding best in sandy loam. I have to thank Messrs. Backhouse and Son for kindly forwarding the plant for illustration. * For the description of the order Cruciferae, see vol.i., p. 30. + In the Botanical Magazine for March, 1874. 108 SAXIFRAGA AMBIGUA. PLATE XLIV.——FIG. 4dI. Saxifraga ambigua, De Canpottz. The Ambiguous Saxifrage. Natural Order—SaxirraGacgE&.* The Saxifrage Family. T'uis very pretty Saxifrage has been recently introduced from the Pyrenees by Messrs. Backhouse and Son, who state that it resembles S. calyciflora in general appearance, but it is of rather stronger habit, and has larger and more open rosettes of leaves. The flowers, which are produced in clusters on stems three or four inches high in May and June, are yellow or of an ochre colour, with the calyces and peduncles purplish with glandular hairs. Messrs. Backhouse think it may possibly be a hybrid between S. calyciflora and S. aretioides. * The order Sawifragacee will be found described in vol. i., p. 40. PRIMULA PULCHERRIMA. XLV ‘ee Wray “A if Ne } * i 4 eS Ws. x4} = 4 “4 ; (ig ie * ahh ck ‘ce ts : RMR Kye: uy gan ‘. Fegan 77% ) Ear harsrsiruty “(th 6 ‘ yah - * ‘ ;%. " 4 be Leite Hawn < : = ‘ — : F > a adie.’ x cp P 3 4 See his alc rey teal by th) By ery « POrSeecr ts eiiey 3 * 4 P . - ’ _ ~ - + + ’ re. 2. ’ 4 _" s , = - . ’ . . - ‘ 109 PRIMULA PULCHERRIMA. PLATE XLV. Primula pulchérrima. The Fairest Primrose. Natural Order—Pxrimutacem.* The Primrose Family. Tuis very lovely Himalayan Primrose belongs to the section con- taining Primula denticulata:+ it was, indeed, originally received by Messrs. Backhouse and Son, of York, under the name of P. denticulata nana. ‘The name under which it is here figured and described is that given. to it provisionally by Messrs. Backhouse, who state that “it is taller and far more luxuriant than P. denticulata, and has deep lavender- purple flowers with yellow centres and much larger trusses.” From the plant usually known as P. purpwrea, Messrs. Backhouse say it is quite distinct; ‘though, judging by the colour,” they add, “‘it has far more right to the name.” It is most suitable for planting either on rockwork or in well-drained borders, in stiff loamy soil, flowering in spring, and proving perfectly hardy, which Messrs. Backhouse have found is not the case with the true P. denticulata. It forms a striking and an effective plant, also, when grown in a pot. * For the description of the order Primulacee, see vol.i. p. 14. + Already given in vol.i, p. 31. eo ee 7 act en ; 7th - + Oe. 62: Ae ~ Oy oi ay sath +, ’ " LEBBRIS’ JUCUN Dia. VOR BOON 6 A PR) 6.00 AAS XLVI 111 IBERIS JUCUNDA. PLATE XLVI.—FIG. I. Ibéeris juctinda. The joyous Candytuft. Natural Order—Crvucirerx.* The Cruciferous Family. Tus is a very distinct and beautiful perennial species of Candytuft from Mount Taurus, in Asia Minor, with crowded linear fleshy leaves and terminal heads of bright purplish pink flowers. The plant forms dense erect tufts from four to six inches high, and continues in flower from April till June. The figure in our plate is from a plant kindly forwarded by Messrs. Backhouse and Son, of York. * The order Cructferce will be found described in vol. i, p. 30; and for a description of the genus Ibéris, see p. 4:0. . 112 VERONICA PROSTRATA. PLATE XLVI.—FIG. II. Veronica prostrata, Vaut. The Prostrate Speedwell. Natural Order—Scropnutariaces.* The Figwort Family. Tis is a hardy perennial species, found in France, Germany, Italy, and Switzerland, with very brilliant blue flowers, which are produced in axillary racemes during the summer months. The plant forms tufts six Inches high, and it is very suitable for planting either on rockwork or in the mixed border. It should be grown in good loamy soil, and it may be increased by division or by seed. There are several varieties; some of which have white and others rose-coloured flowers. I have to express. my acknowledgements to Messrs. Backhouse and Son for kindly forwarding the plant from which the figure in the plate is taken. | * The description of the order Scrophularidcee@ will be found in vol. i., p. 4. WY / re ; ify GF 7 W Leh ii See a . A wi ‘i a, oy “if ; ik SHEARS | ouON (i NN S ue yr \ Mi oe uw ye Sa nt : Hi Ky) —< Nai t) Wy ARABIS ANDROSACR GEO BGA Rte NANA, XLVII le _ 118 ARABIS ANDROSACE. PLATE XLVII.—FIG. Tf. A rabis Andrésace. The Androsace-like Arabis. Natural Order—Crucirerm.* The Cruciferous Family. THis is a new species of A’rabis from the Eastern Alps, forming very dense silky tufts, very much resembling those of Andrésace vil- losa.t The snow-white flowers are produced in clusters in April and May. The plant is very suitable for planting either on rockwork, or in the front of the mixed flower border, requiring sandy or calcareous soul. It may be increased either by seed or by division. * For the description of the order Cruciferae, see vol.i. p. 30. + Already given in vol.i., p. 109. II, Q 114 GLOBULARIA NANA. PLATE XLVII.——FIG. II. Globularia nana, Lamarck. The dwarf or Thyme-leaved Globularia. Natural Order—GtopuLariace®. The Globularia Family. Globuliria is a small genus, the species composing it being either herbaceous plants or small shrubs (natives of the countries bordering ‘on the Mediterranean Sea), with alternate entire spathulate leaves, and with the flowers collected upon a common receptacle, and surrounded by a many-leaved involucre. There are four or five species which are not sufficiently hardy for the open air in the colder parts of this country, but these form very pretty objects when grown in pots, and they succeed very well in a mixture of loam, peat, and rough sand. The hardy species are most suitable for planting on rockwork. All the kinds are readily increased by division in the spring. The generic name is given in allusion to the flowers being produced in globose heads. G. nana is a very dwarf trailing evergreen species, with masses of small bright green leaves, an inch or two above which the numerous heads of pale blue or lilac flowers appear in June and July. It is a native of the mountains of France, whence it was introduced in 1824. My thanks are due to Messrs. Backhouse and Son for sending the plant for illustration. Globulariacee is a small order of herbaceous or shrubby plants (natives of Europe, and of the parts of Asia and Africa nearest to Kurope), with alternate exstipulate smooth leaves, and capitate flowers surrounded by an involucre. The calyx is five-cleft; the corolla is tubular, lipped, and five lobed; and there are four stamens, which are inserted into the upper part of the tube of the corolla. The fruit is enclosed by the calyx. The only genus besides Globuladria is Carradoria, of which there is only one species, a native of the Italian mountains, DES AMCGNA, CORTUSO!I A VIIA arya eteny eS Lien eae e Sesbyss uY2., Se SRL ag " a ‘ 4 fa * i vs eh Ol si < re Ca zn ge < ‘ ; - { ‘ ‘BL PSR AT EY vi, ira ys ees ee ee. ray ie Dink Me SSR. Payette Piri inines - SPA 2 AST fs » ? 1 nied, a ee Gil seri Sewers > , ta'ger Povneni nn, SHR Lee eed Lia Chee | ts ened 115 PRIMULA CORTUSOIDES AMCNA. PLATE XLVIII. Primula cortuséides, Linnxus. The Cortusa-leaved Primrose. Natural Order—Primutacz.* The Primrose Family. Primula cortusdides is a very distinct species from Siberia (whence it was introduced in 1794), with bright green heart-shaped bluntly- toothed wrinkled leaves (resembling those of Cortisa Matthiolit), and deep rose-coloured flowers, which are produced in compact umbels on slender erect stems from May till July. In the winter it loses its leaves entirely, and forms a tuberous hybernaculum under ground, a circumstance the more necessary to be known, as it subjects the plant to be thrown away as dead. It is very suitable for planting on rock- work, succeeding best in rich sandy loam in a moist shady situation. It may be increased by seed and by division of the root. If the very beautiful Primrose figured in our plate as Primula cor- tusdides ameena (the name given to it when it was first figured in the Botanical Magazine in 1865, soon after its importation from Japan, and that under which it is found in collections), is really only a variety of P. cortusdides, it is a very distinct one indeed, and so striking is it, with its large trusses of deep rose-coloured flowers, that it is very frequently grown in pots for the decoration of greenhouses and conservatories. For an opportunity of figuring this extremely handsome plant I have to thank Messrs. Backhouse and Son. . There is also a variety with white flowers (P. cortusdides ame'na alba). | * The order Primulacece will be found described in vol.i. p. 14. + Already given in vol.i, p. 113. te 6 ey ¥ ane gate , ore wey ee re en OA a gi A» -peeeieS te. Baw 2 oe * om «1h oe Pig er. Teeth eee oe) re te oo ee, ee ee MAE ihe ag aha abil wee we) w AY? vty cS +3 - * oe 9 " — f ¥ Se, MICOMERIA PIPER RELL A, LEONTOPODIUM. ALPIN UM. dhe | LAT ae 117 MICROMERIA PIPERELLA. PLATE XLIX.—FIG. I. Micromeria Piperélla, BentHam. The Small Peppermint. Natural Order—Laxziataz.* The Labiate Family. THE species composing the genus Microméria are erect or prostrate branching perennials, with opposite leaves and axillary whorls of small pale purple or white two-lipped flowers, or with the flowers in terminal spikes. They may be readily distinguished by the tubular calyx being five-toothed, and having from thirteen to fifteen ribs. They are natives of the temperate and warmer parts of the world, occurring in the greatest abundance in the region of the Mediterranean. The generic name is from mikros, small, and meris, a part. M. Piperella is a pretty little Thyme-hke plant with pale purple flowers, which appear in July and August, growing in tufts about six inches high, and very suitable for planting on rockwork. The soil for it should be sandy loam; and it may be increased by seeds and by cuttings. I am indebted to Messrs. Backhouse and Son for kindly forwarding the plant from which the figure in the plate is taken. * Wor the description of the order Labidte, see vol. i., p. 64. 118 LEONTOPODIUM ALPINUM. PLATE XLIX.——FIG. II. Leontopodium alpinum, Casstnt. The Lion’s Foot. Natural Order—Compositz.* The Composite Family. Tue Gnaphaliwm Leontopodiwm (from the Alps of Europe) and two closely allied species (from the mountains of Asia) have been formed into the genus Leontopodiwm on account of their slightly differing from other species in the pappus. ‘They are also distinguished by their dense clusters of flowers being surrounded by a radiating general in- volucre of floral leaves, all densely clothed with a close white cottony substance. The name of Leontopddium (from leon, a lion, and pous, a foot) is given in allusion to the heads of flowers having been fancifully likened to a hon’s foot. | L. alpimum is a perennial, growing from six to eight inches high, with oblong very woolly leaves, and pale yellow rather inconspicuous: flowers, which are produced in June in a crowded head, surrounded by a star-like whorl of densely-woolly leaves. It is a native of the Swiss, Pyrenean, and Austrian Alps. Ray is said to have gathered it on one of the highest peaks of Mount Jura. With the Germans, who call it Hdelweiss, it is very popular. It was introduced in 1776. It should be planted on rockwork in moist sandy peat in exposed situations. It may be increased by division. * The description of the order Composite will be found in vol. i, p. 16. : q * 4, Ay? 5 a) ite sd RHODODENDRON FHRRUGINEUM. RHODODENDRON QHAM ACIS DUS. L 5 fadilia Lesh ii Coad aa ae he <7 ‘ ie ad ae" a, 5 _ : The SP ea” Ss ft; ; Phy r ~ “* ‘ ; : 7 ; ae AP ne ee bret! t ALF 'y y : 7 P ; 7h a . n : a Tig RHODODENDRON FERRUGINEUM. PLATE L.——FIG. I. Rhododéndron ferrugineum, Wituprenow. ‘The rusty-leaved Rhododendron. Natural Order—Ericacem.* The Heath Family. Tue species forming the genus Rhododéndron+ are shrubs or low trees (usually evergreen), with entire alternate leaves and clusters of very showy flowers. The corolla is somewhat funnel-shaped or cam- panulate, sometimes slightly irregular, and five-lobed; the stamens, ten in number (rarely fewer), are usually declined. The species are natives of Europe, Asia, and North America. R. diwricum is a native of Siberia, and is almost peculiar to the sub- alpine tracts of Eastern Asia. R. camtschaticwm is an elegant under- shrub, found abundantly im the peninsula of Kamtschatka and the Aleutian Islands, in muddy places on the mountains. R. caucdsiewm grows on the higher rocks of the Caucasus, near the limits of perpetual snow, in the highest range of shrubby vegetation. R. chrysdnthum is, ike R. dadricum, a native of the alpine regions of Siberia. The well-known R&R. ponticum is a native of Pontus (now Armenia), in Asia Minor. R. punctatum, R. maximum, and R. catawbiénse are North American species. It is, however, in India that the species are most abundant: R&. arboreum is from Nepal; Dr. Hooker discovered more than forty species in the Sikkim Himalayas; and some have also been “found in Assam and Bhotan by Mr. Booth. While several of the species are low prostrate shrubs (as R. lap- ponicum and R. camtschiticwm), others are rather large trees (as R. arboreum, R. Rollissonii of Ceylon, and two from Sikkim, viz. R. * For the description of the order Hricdcea, see vol.i., p. 23. + From rhodon, a rose, and dendron, a tree; because the flowers resemble in colour bunches of roses. 120 RHODODENDRON FERRUGINEUM. argénteum and R. Falconéri). Again, some are epiphytes, with large fleshy roots, growing on the stems of other plants (as R. Brookeanwn of Sarawak). Many of the hardy species and varieties have long been extensively planted on lawns and in pleasure grounds and shrubberies, where they form most striking and beautiful objects; while the species from the Sikkim Himalayas, and others which are not sufficiently hardy for the open air, are not less striking and effective in greenhouses and conservatories. Rk. ferrugineum (the Alpine Rose) is a spreading evergreen shrub, seldom growing more than a foot or eighteen inches high, and per- fectly hardy. It is a native of the Alps of Switzerland, Austria, Savoy, Dauphiné, and Piedmont; where this species and R. hirsitwm (also called the Alpine Rose) terminate ligneous vegetation, and furnish the shepherds with their only fuel. It was introduced in 1752. The oblong leaves are shining and green above, but thickly beset with rusty dots beneath. The flowers, which appear from May till July, are of a beautiful rose-colour or scarlet, disposed in umbellate corymbs, and they are sometimes marked with ash-coloured or yellow dots. The soil for it should be peat (about six inches in depth), or a mixture of peat and loam; and it may be increased by layers. There is a variety with white flowers (R. ferrugineum dlbum). 121 RHODODENDRON CHAMASCISTUS. PLATE L.—FIG; II. Rhododéndron Chamecistus, W1tupENow. The Thyme-leaved or Ground-Cistus Rhododendron. Natural Order—Ericacrz. The Heath Family. Tus is a dwarf evergreen shrub, growing in tufts about six inches high, with small ovate fleshy leaves and beautiful delicate pink flowers, which appear in May and June. It is a native of the Alps of Austria, and was introduced in 1786. It may be planted either in beds of very dwarf shrubs, or in limestone fissures on rockwork. The soil should be a mixture of peat, loam, and sand. It may be increased either by seeds or by layers. , oil : -- : ‘ Pe ‘ Sas se ee "= . \ i Bostoy Stn Public Libra re uae ry, MONDIA PYR LI a { J Tt NA I a ae w é 123 RAMONDIA PYRENAICA. PLATE LI. Raméndia pyrendica, WILLDENow. The Pyrenean Ramondia. Natural Order—Souanacex.* The Potato Family. Tuts, the only species of the genus, was formerly called Verbdéscum Mycont. It is a perennial, found growing on rocks in the Pyrenees and also in the Piedmontese Alps. The rough dark green root leaves form dense rosettes, from which the flower stems spring, each bearing from one to six flowers, of a pinkish lilac colour. The plant begins to flower in May, and it continues producing a succession of flowers for some time. It is most suitable for growing on rockwork, but it may also be planted in the front of the flower border, the soil best suited to it being moist peat mixed with sandy loam and grit. It may be increased either by seed or by division of the roots. The generic name was given in honour of M. L. Ramond, a French botanist, who travelled in the Pyrenees about the year 1800, and published an account of his journey. * The order Solandcee will be found described in p. 15 of this volume. my, a ie oe oc PENTSTEMON HUMILIS. LIlI HYPERICUM BURSERI. ee Le Ag 125 PENTSTEMON HUMILIS. PLATE LII.—FIG. I. Pentstemon humilis. The low Pentstemon. Natural Order—Scroruvtariaces®.* The Figwort Family. THIs very pretty new species of Pentstemon from the Rocky Mountains grows from six to nine inches high, with dense clusters of flowers of the most delicate azure blue. It is suitable both for planting on rock- work and in the flower border. The figure in our plate is taken from a plant kindly forwarded by Messrs. Backhouse and Son, of York. * The description of the order Scrophulariacee will be found in vol. i., p. 4 HYPERICUM BURSERL ‘PLATE LIl.—FIG. I. o Hypéricum Bursert, Spach. Burser’s St. John’s Wort. << | | 4 3 Natural Order—Hyvericacenm.* The St. John’s Wort Family. Le g . a Tuts is a rare dwarf Pyrenean species with bright yellow flowers, ¥ which appear from July till September. It is very suitable for planting on rockwork. It may be increased by division. eee me For an opportunity of figuring this plant I have to express my — thanks to Messrs. Backhouse and Son. . a ~~, * The order Hypericdcee has been already described in vol. i, palin GENT ASO RE A Pe RG AS LIII ci Tete. wi . ; 5 FARY. ~< SEniee? ie fae Aid vel tn. 4 wy TAG naa f. a bgeabd yells Hy flies Rankine Mes ko jeyrna then or tat oF ys Lyegyhes ep hie ta hy a re’ peel t Jail ds | 4 ie grein ibe y ay mA ar ei eee ce Basel. Os cand eae E ; re ee ya Ve nS ea oa a waa | si 3k. 127 E CENTAUREA PHRYGIA. PLATE LIII. Centauréa phry'gia, Wittprnow. The feathery-calyxed Centaury. Natural Order—Comrositm.* The Composite Family. Centaurea is a large genus, some of the species being annuals, some biennials, a large proportion perennials, and two or three somewhat shrubby. Most of the species are natives of Europe and Asia, several of Africa, and a very few of America. Several are well-known British plants, as, for example, C. nigra (the Black Knapweed); O. Cyanus (the Blue-bottle or Cornflower), which is not only a common weed in corn-fields, but also a popular border annual; C. Scabiosa (the Greater Knapweed); C. Calcitrapa (the Star Thistle); C. benedicta (the Blessed . Thistle), so called from its being formerly supposed to possess extra- _ ordinary medical powers; and C. solstitialis (St. Barnaby’s Thistle). One of the annual species is the Sweet Sultan (C. moschata), a native of Persia, which is often found in gardens. Two of the perennial species, remarkable for their deeply cut silvery leaves, have been employed with good effect in planting beds in flower gardens, viz. C. ragusina (a native of Candia) and C. candidissima (a native of the Levant). The perennial species having the most striking flowers are C. montana (a native of the German Alps), with large blue flowers, introduced in 1596, and C. ochroleiuca (a native of Mount Caucasus), with large pale yellow flowers, introduced in 1801. The genus takes its name from the legend that the Centaur Chiron used the juice of one of the species medicinally. C. phry'gia, one of the perennial species, is a native of Switzerland (whence it was introduced in 1633), growing from a foot to eighteen inches high, and producing its purple flowers from June till October. * The order Composite will be found described in vol.i., p. 16. CENTAUREA PHRYGIA. Tt should be planted in rich sandy ‘oe in _ the mixed bosdes * it may be increased by division. o> I have to express my esd ea to Messrs. Backhouse and Son for the popper of eum this plant. = Pa Te. en ae cae LEWISIA CAMPANULA L r N REDIVIVA, LOW y Cs Se Oe i 2 Lae Cite ye 2 olen ie ele a aS oa eS Br ia -, om ae ip tea id oe te A ais 4 > " - , es ins Sa ae Pie Ben: a) 4 ae one ie a Ph ae Hie tab. en Bye fs te Age Sepa ft ‘alee Fan * ‘ of, : ae piieh ne ie Ri adh, Sgt ae eg me . Dyeing inag} meat alter iis tg >. 5 Mate et Bente SON a et ee ee : Sh Site: 7” Cutsbates a hae om vy sie Pee : ' ‘ hi iin’ Dt SRO: soph a rae tt, sy vu asa a ied § ' er My th wt Sam ¢ 4 daecalitea Bes’ Shy: 7 gtaaed AY 45 ea se yee ra Peay LEWISIA REDIVIVA. PLATE: LIV .=-—FIG. I. Lewisia rediviwa, Pursu. Spatlum, or Reviving Lewisia. Natural Order—Portutacem.* The Purslane Family. Or the very singular genus Lewisia there is only one species—L. rediviva, the Bitter-root plant or Racine amere of the Canadians, the Spatulum or Speet’lum of the Indians of North-west America, by whom the roots are largely collected, and very generally kept dried in bags, as, being composed almost entirely of starch, they afford a wholesome though bitter-tasted food. These roots, when fresh, are covered with a dark brown skin, and are of a bright red colour within, but when skinned and dried for preservation they are nearly white. ! This extremely curious plant, which is a native of the Upper Oregon Territory,¢ is a stemless perennial, with a thick fleshy tapering root, from the summit of which arise numerous succulent green leaves (two inches in length), and, in the centre, fleshy stalks (an inch or two in length), jointed below the calyx, and bearing one or two rose-coloured flowers, each flower being surrounded by an involucre of from five to seven narrow scales or bracts. The flower has a persistent calyx of from six to seven imbricated unequal segments, a corolla of from eight to ten spreading petals, numerous stamens, and a one-celled ovary, in which respect it differs from allied genera. * The order Portuldcee has been already described in p. 32 of this volume. + Sir W. J. Hooker states in the Botanical Magazine for 1863 that “it is now ascertained to be a native of California, probably far in the interior, and on the high mountains; but that is not stated by Dr. Kellog, who has given an excellent figure of a white-flowered variety in the Proceedings of the Californian Academy of Natural Sciences for 1861, t. 36.” II, , 8 “130 LEWISIA REDIVIVA. The generic name was given in honour of Captain M. Lewis, who accompanied Captain Clarke to the Rocky Mountains. And the spe- cific name, redivwa, was given by Pursh in consequence of the: root, long preserved in the herbarium, and apparently dead, having been planted, revived in a garden in Philadelphia.* With regard.to this very singular and beautiful Alpine, Messrs. Backhouse state that it “proves to be of very easy culture on those parts of rockwork which do not get direct sunshine. Its delicate and beautiful rosy-pink flowers, which are each three inches across, are . produced in the greatest profusion towards the end of spring; after ‘which the plant dies down and rests till the moisture and coolness | of the following autumn and winter months stimulate it for fresh growth. Its rosettes of leaves resemble those of the common. Thrift, but are larger and more fleshy.”” Messrs. Backhouse add that. it is “easily cultivated in pots, if kept from sunshine, or on a north border if very well drained.’’ It is found that a good soil for this plant is a mixture of hght ‘loam, sandy peat, and brick rubbish. It may be increased by dividing the roots or by seeds. 7 Messrs. Backhouse and Son, of York, were so good as to forward the plant from which the figure in our plate was taken. * In the Botanical Magazine for 1863, Sir W. J. Hooker says: ‘We have our- selves had dried specimens, preserved two or more years in the herbarium, still sending up crops of leaves. The specimen from which our figure” [that in the volume of the Magazine above referred to] “was taken at Kew, is one of many which, when gathered with a view of being preserved for the herbarium, in British Columbia, by Dr. Lyall, R.N., of the Boundary Expedition, was immersed in boiling water, on account of its well-known tenacity of life. More than a year and a half after, it notwithstanding showed symptoms of vitality, and produced its beautiful flowers in May of the present year [1863], in the geet Gardens of Kew.” 131 CAMPANULA LONGIFOLIA. PLATE. LIV.——FIG. II. Campdnula longifolia, Prcot pE LA Peyrrouss. ‘The long-leaved Bell-Flower. Natural Order—Campaxvutacex.* The Bell-Flower Family. | THis is a scarce species from the Pyrenees, growing from six to twelve inches high, and resembling a dwarf Canterbury Bell. The. root-leaves, which are very long and narrow, form rosettes. The flowers, which appear in June and J uly, are of a beautiful violet colour: they are produced singly in the axils of the leaves,, sometimes as many ~ as eight or nine on one stem. My thanks are due to Messrs. Backhouse and Son, of York, for kindly forwarding the plant for illustration. * The order Campanulacee will be found described in vol.i. p. 8. — SYSTHMATIC INDEX, IN WHICH THE PLANTS FIGURED AND DESCRIBED IN VOL, II. ARE ARRANGED ACCORDING TO THE NATURAL SYSTEM. RANUNCULACES. (The Crowfoot Family.) Ranunculus parnassifolius CRUCIFERA. - (The Cruciferous Family.) | Arabis Androsace. . Arabis tester ue superba Iberis jucunda CISTACE. (The Rock-Rose Family.) Helianthemum roseum VIOLACEA. (The Violet Family.) Erpetion reniforme . Viola biflora . Viola obliqua POLYGALACEE, (The Milkwort Family.) Polygala Chamzebuxus CARYOPHYLLACES. 90 90 107 113 107 lll 76 76 13, 14 13 51 31 25 25 (The Pink and Carnation Family.) 10 Arenaria verna , Dianthus Carthusianorum Dianthus glacialis Lychnis alpina Saponaria ocymdides 10 40 99 28 65 LINACE. (The Flax Family.) . Linum alpinum ~ MALVACES. (The Mallow Family.) Callirrhoé involucrata HYPERICACEZ. (The St. John’s Wort Family.) 126 Hypericum Burseri . GERANIACE A. (The Geranium Family.) Erodium petraum LEGUMINOSA. (The Leguminous Family.) Astragalus monspessulanus Oxytropis pyrenaica . ROSACEA. (The Rose Family.) . Potentilla ambigua Rubus arcticus ONAGRACER. (The Evening Primrose Family.) Epilobium obcordatum Cinothera pumila 126 1384 SYSTEMATIC INDEX. -MELASTOMACES. (The Melastoma Family.) Rhexia virginica PORTULACA. (The Purslane Family.) Calandrinia umbellata Lewisia rediviva . CRASSULACEZ. (The Crassula Family.) Sedum Kamtschaticum Sedum spurium SAXIFRAGACE. (The Saxifrage Family.) Saxifraga aizdides, 8. autumnalis ' Saxifraga ambigua Saxifraga mutata —CORNACER. (The Cornel Family.) Cornus canadensis RUBIACEA. (The Madder Family.) Asperula arcadiensis Nertera scapanidides COMPOSITA. (The Composite Family.) Centaurea phrygia Erigeron glaucum Leontopodium alpinum CAMPANULACE. (The Bell-Flower Family.) Campanula alpina Campanula Barrelieri Campanula linifolia Campanula longifolia Symphyandra pendula ERICACEZ. (The Heath Family.) Pyrola uniflora Rhododendron Chamecistus Rhododendron ferrugineum 129 108 -APOCYNACEZ. (The Dog’s-bane Family. s 103 Vinca herbacea : ; : 103 GENTIANACE A. (The Gentian Family.) —. 53 Gentiana bavarica . Seas 53 Gentiana verna . : Pei ee 82 POLEMONIACE A. (The Greek Valerian Tone 17 Phlox crassifolia . - : : 80 Phlox divaricata ; : . eaeeee Phlox subulata. . 4 : : 29 HYDROPHYLLACE. (The Hydrophyllum Family.) 105 Romanzovia sitchensis : ope 1 5: SOLANACEA, (The Potato Family.) : Iss Nierembergia riv ularis.. : 15 Ramondia pyrenaica Sky: 123 SCROPHULARIACE. (The Figwort Family.) - . 7 Linaria hepaticefolia , 7 Liumaria villosa. ; ; ; 16 Pentstemon crassifolium . : 55 Pentstemon humilis . : . plea Veronica incisa ; : - 60 Veronica prostrata : . : Sh Veronica spicata : : : 27; LABIATA. : (The Labiate Family.) . 1 Horminum pyrenaicum . . 83 Micromeria Piperella . : iy Ns Salvia taraxacifolia . ; : 11 Scutellaria macrantha . ; : 50 Stachys corsica ° : ‘ 1 | Teucrium pyrenaicum . : opis 28 Thymus alpinus oo ton , 38 Thymus striatus . : “spa 13 PRIMULACEZ. (The Primrose Family.) 7 Androsace lanuginosa . ; 41 Cyclamen repandum .. P 52 SYSTEMATIC INDEX. Primula cortusdides amoena Primula marginata Primula minima Primula nivalis Aa Primula Piedmontana Primula pulcherrima Primula scotica Soldanella minima GLOBULARIACER. (The Globularia Family.) Globularia nana PLUMBAGINACE®, (The Leadwort Family.) Statice emarginata Statice incana nana -AMARANTHACER. (The Amaranth Family:). Trichinium Manglesii . IRIDACEZ. (The Iris Family.) . Anomatheca cruenta Crocus sativus gracus Iris reticulata SMILACE A. ; “(The Sarsaparilla Family.) | Trillium grandiflorum . ASPHODELACES. (The Asphodel Family.) _ Anthericum (Paradisia) Lilhastrum Hyacinthus amethystinus . ©.” Scilla sibirica Triteleia laxa : ‘ Triteleia uniflora , a ies TULIPACEA. (The Tulip Family.) . 'Erythronium americanum — Fritillaria Meleagris MELANTHACES. (The Melanthium Family.) Colchicum variegatum . 135 101 79 79 GHNEHERAL INDEX. Alpine Rose Amaranthaceze Amaranth Famil Androsace lanuginosa Androsace, the woolly-leaved | Anomatheca cruenta Anomatheca juncea Anthericum Liliastrum . Apocynaceze ; Arabis Androsace . Arabis blepharophylla superba . Arenaria verna : Asperula arcadiensis . Asphodelacee . Asphodel Family Astragalus Astragalus ‘monspessulanus B Bell-flower Harailve: Bell-flower, Barrelier’s Bell-flower, the Alpine . Bell-flower, the Flax-leaved » Bell-flower, the long-leaved Bitter-root plant Bramble, the Arctic, or dwarf crimson : ‘ C Calandrinia umbellata Californian plants, treatment of Callirrhoé involucrata . . Campanula alpina . Campanula Barrelieri Campanula linifolia Campanula longifolia Campanulaceze : Candytuft, the joyous Caryophyllacez . : : : Centaurea phrygia . ‘ Centaury, the feathery-calyxed A Cinquefoil, the ambiguous . Cistacezse ‘ . Cistus. ; ; , Codlins-and-Cream Colchicum variegatum . , Composite ‘ ° ; : II. Composite pony. : Cornacese Cornel Family Cornel, the Canadian Cornus canadensis . | Crassulacese Crassula Family Crocus sativus greecus Crocus, the Saffron | Crowfoot Family Crowfoot, the Parnassia- leaved Cruciferse Cruciferous Family Cyclamen ficariafolium Cyclamen repandum ; Cyclamen, the angular- leaved. Cyclamen, the repand D Deer-grass . Dianthus Carthusianorum — Dianthus glacialis Dog’s- -bane Family Dog’s-tooth Violet, the common Dog’s-tooth Violet, the RE ee flowered . : E Edelweiss : Epilobium obcordatum ~ . Ericacese . ; : EKrigeron glaucum . Hrigeron, the shrubby Hrodium petreum Erpetion reniforme Erythronium americanum . Krythronium Dens-canis Evening Primrose Family : F Figwort Family Flax Family Flax, the Alpine Fleabane.. : French Willow-Herb’ Fritillaria Meleagris . Fritillary, the chequezed Fritillary, the common: . T 138 Gentianaceo . . . Gentiana bavarica Gentiana verna Gentian Family Gentian, the Bavarian Gentian, the Paes : Geraniacess -. Geranium Family Germander, the Pyrenean Gladdon Gladwyn . ‘Globulariacese Globularia Family .. Globularia nana . Globularia, the dwarf or Thyme- leaved : 114 Gnaphalium Leontopodium 118 Greek Valerian Family 17 Gum Tragacanth 74 H Heath Family . 73 Hedge-Nettle, the Corsican 1 Helianthemum roseum 76 Heron’s Bill, the rock 24, Horminum pyrenaicum . 83 Hyacinth, the amethyst- -coloured 39 Hyacinthus amethystinus . 39 ‘Hydrophylaceze : 105, 106 Hydrophyllum sored 105 Hy pericaceze 126 Hypericum Burseri- 126 I Iberis jucunda 111 Tridaceze 29 Iris Family 29 Iris reticulata 86 Tris, the netted . &6 L Labdanum . ; : aa .Labiate . : . pen! _ Labiate Family 1 Ladanum . 77 Leadwort Family 63 Leguminos 9 Leguminous Family 9 Leontopodium alpinum 118 Lewisia rediviva 129 Lewisia, the reviving. 129 Lily, St. Bruno’s 5 Linaces . : 45 Linaria hepaticeefolia 7 Linaria villosa 16 Linum alpinum 45 Lion’s foot gee kis GENERAL INDEX. Lychnis alpina . : Lychnis, the Alpine M Madder Family . ; ° Mallow Family Malvaceze Meadow Beauty . Meadow Saffron, the chequer. flowered ~ Melanthacese ; , ° Melanthium Family Melastomaceze. et Se Melastoma Family é Micromeria Piperella : Milk Vetch, the Montpelier ; Milk Vetch, the Mountain Milkwort Family . Milkwort, the Box- leaved . Milla laxa N Nertera depressa Nertera scapanidides Nierembergia rivularis Nierembergia, the water Nuttallia . : 0 Ginothera biennis . i Cinothera pumila Cinothera, the dwarf Onagraceze : : . Orrice-root : Oxytropis montana Oxytropis pyrenaica iE Paradisia . ‘ Pentstemon panini Pentstemon humilis Pentstemon, the low : Pentstemon, the thick- leaved Peppermint, the small Periwinkle, the herbaceous Phlox crassifolia Phlox divaricata Phlox stolonifera Phlox subulata : Phlox, the awl-leaved Phlox, the early flowering Phlox, the thick-leaved Pink and Carnation Family . Pink, the Carthusians’ Pink, the Glacial Plumbaginaceze Polemoniaceze Poly galaceze ; : wer T GENERAL INDEX. Polygala Chameebuxus . Portulaceee . ‘ ‘ Potato Family , ; : Potentilla ambigua . é ° Potentilla, the Himalayan . Primrose Family Primrose, the Gortusa-leaved Primrose, the fairest . ae Primrose, the least... . s Primrose, the Piedmont “ Primrose, the Scotch : - Primrose, the silver-edged_ . Primrose, the snowy ; : Primulaceze ° Primula corbasdides amoona Primula denticulata nana A Primula marginata Primula minima Primula nivalis Primula Piedmontana . _ Primula pulcherrima ; ° Primula scotica -Purslane Family Pyrola uniflora. : : : R Racine amére of the Canadians Ramondia pyrenaica Ranunculaceze : ; Ranunculus parnassifolius ° Rhexia virginica Rhododendron Chamecistus — Rhododendron ferrugineum Rhododendron, the Ground- Cistus Rhododendron, the rusty-leaved Rhododendron, the Thyme-leaved Rock-Cress, the Californian . Rock-rose Family : 5 . Romanzovia sitchensis Rosaceze Rose-bay Rose Family Rose, the Alpine : Rubiaceze . : : ‘ - Rubus arcticus Ss Saffron Crocus A - Sage, the Taraxacum- leaved . St. Bruno’s Lily : : St. John’s Wort, Burser’s St. John’s Wort Family Salvia taraxacifolia . ‘Sandwort, the Vernal Saponaria ocymoides Sarsaparilla Family Saxifraga aizdides £, autumnalis Saxifraga ambigua Saxifraga mutata ° . : : Saxifragacese Saxifrage Family Saxifrage, the ambiguous _Saxifrage, the Saffron-coloured Saxifrage, the Yellow Mountain Scilla sibirica . ‘ : : Scrophulariaceze . : Scutellaria macrantha Sea Lavender, the emarginate Sea Lavender, the hoary . Sedum Kamtschaticum . Sedum spurium Seubertia laxa ~ . Skull-cap, the large- flowered : Smilaceze ; Soapwort, the Basil- like Solanacese is Soldanella minima : ; 2 : Speet’lum Spatulum _ Speedwell, the cut- eis Speedwell, the prostrate . : Speedwell, the spiked Spurless Violet, the reniform Squill, the Siberian Squinancy Wort, the . Stachys coccinea Stachys corsica °. Stachys lanata Statice emarginata Statice incana nana Stonecrop, the fringed s Stonecrop, the Kamtschatka Stonecrop, the orange-coloured Sun-Rose, the rose-coloured . Symphyandra pendula Symphyandra, the pendulous ik Teucrium pyrenaicum Thyme, the Alpine Thyme, the striped Thymus alpinus. : ‘ Thymus striatus , Toad-flax, the Hepatica- leaved Toad-flax, the villous. Trichinium Manglesii Trillium grandiflorum Triteleia laxa . . Triteleia Murrayana . Triteleia uniflora Triteleia, the loose- ienbellad Triteleia, the one-flowered Tulipaceze : . Tulip Family . ° : V Verbascum Myconi ; ‘ 140 Veronica incisa . Veronica prostrata . Veronica spicata Vinca herbacea ‘Viola biflora Viola cucullata Viola obliqua Violaceze . Violet Family : : Violet, the large American Violet, the oblique-flowered Violet, the reniform Spurless Violet, the two-flowered Violet, the yellow Al]pine GENERAL INDEX. WwW Willow-Herb, the French . ; Willow-Herb, the great . Willow-Herb, the obcordate Winter Green, the single-flowered Woodrowel . Ripe Woodruff, the Arcadian Woodruff, the sweet . V4 Yellow Flag, the . B. FAWCETT, ENGRAVER AND PRINTER, DRIFFIELD. 86 Dee inne aE es Tere 8 ‘ G a . 4 ak 3 en? se Pe — Es B,P.L.Bindery. APR 14 1879 in the delivery of books. (Oct., 1885, 20,000) BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY. One volume allowe to be kept 14 days (or sev juvenile books published wit to be renewed; to be reclaime who will collect 20 cents besides fin ing Sundays and holidays; not to be household, and not to be transferred; to be - Borrowers finding’ this book» mutilated defaced, are expected to report it; and also any and obtained only by card; im the case of fiction and ») Without fine; not eSsenger after 21 days 2,cents a day, includ- it of the borrower’s this Hall. *,*No claim can be established because of the failure® of any notice, to or from the Library, through the mail. 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